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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful Ver admitted that his understatement of tax on his 2014 return was willful. Bloomberg, Mercury News, 15 Oct. 2025 Miller was charged with domestic abuse assault, willful injury and kidnapping, according to the sheriff. Mike Stunson, Kansas City Star, 29 Sep. 2025 His Fassbender-on-Fassbender exchanges with his more willful ancestor David are the richest part of the film. Chris Klimek, Vulture, 26 Sep. 2025 Although Sagoo will likely be appealed, taxpayers with willful FBAR penalties should watch the decision carefully to determine whether the same arguments may be raised in their cases. Matthew L. Roberts, Forbes.com, 19 Sep. 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • As for the Banks sisters, Ashley (Akira Akbar) works through a rebellious phase during her freshman year as Hilary (Coco Jones) goes on a journey of self-exploration.
    Natalie Oganesyan, Deadline, 3 Nov. 2025
  • To be clear, there is no sense that Rondón and Ugás are defending the old guard or suggesting that a docile, starving population pinioned under the grip of a dictatorship is big-picture preferable to a rebellious insurgency.
    Jessica Kiang, Variety, 31 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • The cough grew violent, uncontrollable and exhausting.
    Ashley Vega, PEOPLE, 27 Oct. 2025
  • What’s curious, then, is not Trump’s eagerness to degrade us, but his uncontrollable urge to defile himself and his office.
    Michelle Goldberg, Mercury News, 23 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • So long as that situation continues, the 43-year-old’s allegedly arrogant and stand-offish treatment of his players will not worry the club hierarchy too much.
    Dermot Corrigan, New York Times, 31 Oct. 2025
  • The pilot opens with Powell’s character, arrogant college quarterback Russ Holliday, leading his Oregon Ducks team in the National Championship game against Georgia at the Rose Bowl.
    Angelique Jackson, Variety, 28 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • Adams described the attack as deliberate and that Koehler intended to terrorize the victim.
    Grethel Aguila, Miami Herald, 3 Nov. 2025
  • Their learning is efficient because it’s embodied, adaptive, deliberate, and continuous.
    James Somers, New Yorker, 3 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • That individual brilliance which can produce a moment of magic to break open a stubborn defence is harder to come by.
    Liam Tharme, New York Times, 31 Oct. 2025
  • Be sure to pay extra attention to stubborn stains.
    Jennifer Beck Goldblatt, Architectural Digest, 31 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • On Monday afternoon, Petro remained defiant.
    Nora Gámez Torres, Miami Herald, 21 Oct. 2025
  • This Irish American neighborhood is famous for its quirky upside-down traffic light, where green proudly sits above red—a symbol of its defiant community spirit.
    Lauren Dana Ellman, Travel + Leisure, 19 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • Social media, in Tranter’s view, had been overrun by music listeners (especially gay ones) acting a little too opinionated.
    Spencer Kornhaber, The Atlantic, 17 Oct. 2025
  • With its quarterly earnings report due in next week, Wall Street is eager to see if Tesla — or its famously opinionated CEO Elon Musk — will report similar challenges as its competitors.
    Alex Harring, CNBC, 16 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • Yet, the severity of gendered crime during Partition wasn’t caused by an arbitrary upsurge of madness.
    JSTOR Daily, JSTOR Daily, 30 Oct. 2025
  • Several lawsuits have already been filed challenging the fee and selection changes, with universities, labor groups, and business organizations arguing that the administration exceeded its authority and that the new rules are arbitrary.
    Billal Rahman, MSNBC Newsweek, 27 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 4 Nov. 2025.

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