variants or wilful
Definition of willfulnext
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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful The old and persistent kind of antisemitism—the ancient variety of deliberate and willful antisemitism—will probably be around millennia more if history is any judge. Lee Habeeb, MSNBC Newsweek, 3 Dec. 2025 Perhaps Rigola should have been more willful in his handling of the text, since his libretto unfolds more like a selection of highlights from the play than like a freestanding adaptation. Alex Ross, New Yorker, 1 Dec. 2025 But revenge and deadly violence tear down all the facades, confronting the survivors with the results of their willful complicity, studied ignorance and hubris. The Know, Denver Post, 30 Nov. 2025 Variations on the willful child appear throughout children’s literature, nearly always to instill adult authority. Literary Hub, 17 Nov. 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • Prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, slavery was the law in the rebellious states.
    Doug Ross, Chicago Tribune, 3 Jan. 2026
  • This wretched regime is doomed to be overthrown by the risen populace and rebellious youth.
    Efrat Lachter, FOXNews.com, 1 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • That tone—of pain, of surprise, of a stubborn refusal to be reduced or diminished—is everywhere in it.
    Questlove, The Atlantic, 7 Nov. 2025
  • If the stain is stubborn, add a few drops of dish soap to the water and vinegar mixture.
    Ashlyn Needham, Southern Living, 7 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • The National Police has been repeatedly cited by national and international human rights organizations for excessive use of force, arbitrary detentions, and the mistreatment of protesters and civilians.
    Antonio María Delgado, Miami Herald, 6 Jan. 2026
  • Critics say those distinctions are arbitrary and unfair, being based on outdated assumptions and bad science.
    Kevin Krause, Dallas Morning News, 6 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Since the boycott, PEN has donated to Palestinian aid organizations, highlighted writers and journalists who have been targeted and killed by Israel, and released a report on the deliberate destruction of Palestinian cultural heritage.
    James Folta, Literary Hub, 6 Jan. 2026
  • Many of these cases were traced back to individuals who would not have passed a more deliberate vetting process.
    Karl W. Bickel, Baltimore Sun, 6 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • The attorney general was adamant that if Running Fence broke the law, workers would be arrested and jailed, and contractors would lose their licenses.
    Literary Hub, Literary Hub, 7 Nov. 2025
  • Lownie is adamant that their friendship dates back to 1991.
    Stephanie Nolasco , Ashley Papa, FOXNews.com, 6 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • Two men are targeted by the rebel army who overthrew the government of Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman.
    CBS News, CBS News, 3 Jan. 2026
  • He was denounced by rebel propagandists as a tyrant and remembered by Americans as a reactionary dolt.
    Bhumika Tharoor, The Atlantic, 30 Dec. 2025
Adjective
  • Newsom said that by sending California Guard members to Oregon and Illinois the administration is essentially admitting that they are not needed in Los Angeles, where the immigration officials they were sent to protect have not faced violent or uncontrollable protests for months.
    Sharon Bernstein, Sacbee.com, 3 Nov. 2025
  • The cough grew violent, uncontrollable and exhausting.
    Ashley Vega, PEOPLE, 27 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • This version of Ryan was arrogant, unable to conceal pride in his accomplishment.
    Jamie Thompson, The Atlantic, 6 Nov. 2025
  • So long as that situation continues, the 43-year-old’s allegedly arrogant and stand-offish treatment of his players will not worry the club hierarchy too much.
    Dermot Corrigan, New York Times, 31 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 7 Jan. 2026.

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