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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful Ver admitted that his understatement of tax on his 2014 return was willful. Bloomberg, Mercury News, 15 Oct. 2025 Miller was charged with domestic abuse assault, willful injury and kidnapping, according to the sheriff. Mike Stunson, Kansas City Star, 29 Sep. 2025 His Fassbender-on-Fassbender exchanges with his more willful ancestor David are the richest part of the film. Chris Klimek, Vulture, 26 Sep. 2025 Although Sagoo will likely be appealed, taxpayers with willful FBAR penalties should watch the decision carefully to determine whether the same arguments may be raised in their cases. Matthew L. Roberts, Forbes.com, 19 Sep. 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • Silicon Valley definitely has so much of that rebellious spirit.
    Andre Byik, USA Today, 10 Nov. 2025
  • On Tracker, Ackles portrays Russell, Colter’s charismatic and rebellious older brother, who has a similar skill set and lack of stable home life.
    Katie Mannion, PEOPLE, 9 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • That tone—of pain, of surprise, of a stubborn refusal to be reduced or diminished—is everywhere in it.
    Questlove, The Atlantic, 7 Nov. 2025
  • If the stain is stubborn, add a few drops of dish soap to the water and vinegar mixture.
    Ashlyn Needham, Southern Living, 7 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • Landor should ahve been protected by the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, passed unanimously by Congress in 2000 to prevent state and local prisons from placing arbitrary or unnecessary restrictions on religious practices.
    Maureen Groppe, USA Today, 10 Nov. 2025
  • The notion of a non-arbitrary, standard length got a boost in the early days of physics, with the idea of a length that could be held to a standard that anyone on Earth could adhere to.
    Big Think, Big Think, 10 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • Officials have yet to determine whether the explosion was accidental or deliberate.
    Amir Daftari, MSNBC Newsweek, 10 Nov. 2025
  • It should be said that the NTSB — the National Transportation Safety Board, which is investigating the cause(s) of the crash — takes a very deliberate approach.
    Michael Khouw, CNBC, 10 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • The attorney general was adamant that if Running Fence broke the law, workers would be arrested and jailed, and contractors would lose their licenses.
    Literary Hub, Literary Hub, 7 Nov. 2025
  • Lownie is adamant that their friendship dates back to 1991.
    Stephanie Nolasco , Ashley Papa, FOXNews.com, 6 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • Al-Sharaa led the rebel forces that toppled former Syrian President Bashar Assad last December and was named the country's interim leader in January.
    NPR, NPR, 11 Nov. 2025
  • Warriors from more than a dozen Native nations in the trans-Appalachian West helped the redcoats engage rebel forces, as did perhaps twenty-five thousand Black fugitives from slavery.
    Literary Hub, Literary Hub, 7 Nov. 2025
Adjective
  • Newsom said that by sending California Guard members to Oregon and Illinois the administration is essentially admitting that they are not needed in Los Angeles, where the immigration officials they were sent to protect have not faced violent or uncontrollable protests for months.
    Sharon Bernstein, Sacbee.com, 3 Nov. 2025
  • The cough grew violent, uncontrollable and exhausting.
    Ashley Vega, PEOPLE, 27 Oct. 2025
Adjective
  • This version of Ryan was arrogant, unable to conceal pride in his accomplishment.
    Jamie Thompson, The Atlantic, 6 Nov. 2025
  • So long as that situation continues, the 43-year-old’s allegedly arrogant and stand-offish treatment of his players will not worry the club hierarchy too much.
    Dermot Corrigan, New York Times, 31 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 12 Nov. 2025.

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