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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful The owner, who was identified as 30-year-old Olivia Underwood, was arrested for willful or malicious torture, maiming or killing of a dog and was booked into the Clark County Detention Center, police said. Megan Forrester, ABC News, 2 June 2025 But the appeals court affirmed a jury's finding that Cox was guilty of willful contributory infringement, raising the likelihood that ISPs would have to terminate customers accused of piracy to avoid liability. ArsTechnica, 28 May 2025 For now, that willful ignorance cannot disguise cold, hard, round numbers. Luca Evans, Denver Post, 21 May 2025 Grading for equity amounts to willful and moralized deception, including self-deception. The Editors, National Review, 29 May 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • From the start, Handy argues, the on-screen adventures in teen movies have been targeted to a double audience of rebellious teens and anxious adults.
    Hillary Kelly, The Atlantic, 6 June 2025
  • In addition to provoking rebellious and impulsive actions, this unpredictable synergy can abruptly derail plans.
    Valerie Mesa, People.com, 4 June 2025
Adjective
  • Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that causes uncontrollable hair loss on the scalp, face, and body.
    Shamsha Damani, Health, 13 June 2025
  • The laptop soon started doing the same thing as the other machine – with the uncontrollable cursor.
    Scott Kramer, Forbes.com, 8 June 2025
Adjective
  • The protests proved conclusively that Americans will not tolerate the deployment of the U.S. military in American cities, the constant line-stepping over constitutional boundaries, the arrests of political dissenters, or the arrogant defense of police-state tactics.
    Newsweek Staff, MSNBC Newsweek, 18 June 2025
  • In Aesop’s fable, the turtle (traditionally called a tortoise, which is a type of turtle) is a winner, a perpetual underdog who defeats the arrogant hare.
    A.O. Scott, New York Times, 13 June 2025
Adjective
  • Without deliberate human judgment, AI will only amplify hustle habits that keep us busy with everything, rather than prioritizing the few things that truly matter.
    Melissa Daimler, Forbes.com, 17 June 2025
  • Instead, the change has occurred through the deliberate erosion of fundamental norms related to belonging and through the weaponization of once neutral institutions.
    ASHLEY J. TELLIS, Foreign Affairs, 17 June 2025
Adjective
  • Then Curry, rattled by the monumental reverb of Kyrie’s shot, hurried into a stubborn approach on the ensuing possession, missed a desperate 3 over Kevin Love, who used his length and a rare display of defensive intensity to deny Curry a good look.
    David Aldridge, New York Times, 22 June 2025
  • All of which can be employed by Musk or anyone else using AI to target us with false political advertising tailored to our most stubborn biases, further dividing us, manipulating elections and solidifying what has already become a fascist state.
    Sal Recchi, The Orlando Sentinel, 22 June 2025
Adjective
  • That’s what makes their fourth studio album, Lucius, almost defiant in its return to form.
    Marissa R. Moss, Rolling Stone, 11 June 2025
  • Asked about his potential exit at the weekend while on international duty for Germany, Ter Stegen was defiant.
    Tom Sanderson, Forbes.com, 5 June 2025
Adjective
  • The show premiered Saturday, April 12, and follows three successful Black men on a quest for love—each with a very opinionated mother (or mother figure) tagging along for the entire ride.
    Shelby Stewart, Essence, 16 Apr. 2025
  • For being such an opinionated, sure person, this is an element in my life that I’ve never been superattached to a yes or no answer.
    Lulu Garcia-Navarro, New York Times, 31 May 2025
Adjective
  • This anecdote is a perfect snapshot of Jameela’s lifelong refusal to accept arbitrary rules.
    Mandeep Rai, Forbes.com, 23 June 2025
  • Choosing a side for the wall would have been arbitrary.
    Jack Lang, New York Times, 22 June 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 27 Jun. 2025.

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