Synonyms of sham

sham 1 of 3

adjective

1

as in faux

being such in appearance only and made with or manufactured from usually cheaper materials

a sofa upholstered in sham leather

Synonyms & Similar Words

• faux
• fake
• synthetic
• simulated
• dummy
• artificial
• false
• imitation
• mock
• bogus
• imitative
• manufactured
• ersatz
• pretend
• factitious
• mimic
• counterfeit
• substitute
• process
• deceptive
• designer
• manipulated
• man-made
• fabricated
• engineered
• pseudo
• phoney
• fraudulent
• cultured
• forged
• misleading
• phony
• concocted
• unauthentic
• adulterated
• doctored
• fudged
• feigned
• spurious
• affected
• tampered (with)
• juggled
• pinchbeck
• brummagem

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• real
• genuine
• natural
• true
• legitimate
• authentic
• bona fide
• valuable
• pure
• quality
• premium
• unadulterated

2

as in counterfeit

being such in appearance only and made or manufactured with the intention of committing fraud

street vendors selling sham designer handbags to gullible tourists

Synonyms & Similar Words

• counterfeit
• fake
• false
• forged
• phoney
• phony
• bogus
• imitation
• ornamental
• inauthentic
• spurious
• manufactured
• artificial
• mock
• synthetic
• deceptive
• snide
• unauthentic
• simulated
• misleading
• dummy
• fabricated
• factitious
• mimic
• cultured
• substitute
• nonfunctioning
• delusive
• man-made

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• real
• genuine
• authentic
• bona fide
• natural
• true
• actual
• unfaked
• valid

3

as in mock

lacking in natural or spontaneous quality

the sham friendliness of a salesman trying to sell you something

Synonyms & Similar Words

• mock
• fake
• false
• strained
• unnatural
• pseudo
• mechanical
• simulated
• affected
• artificial
• phoney
• exaggerated
• phony
• bogus
• contrived
• forced
• plastic
• assumed
• theatrical
• feigned
• theatric
• pretended
• spurious
• factitious
• cute
• hollow
• put-on
• unreal
• empty
• calculated
• manufactured
• automatic
• formal
• deliberate
• hypocritical
• pat
• fabricated
• insincere
• unrealistic
• stiff
• unauthentic
• conventional
• labored
• wooden
• hokey
• canned
• concocted
• melodramatic
• facile
• unctuous
• conscious
• histrionic
• impersonal
• rigid
• mealy
• cultivated
• two-faced
• premeditated
• stylized
• double-dealing
• mealymouthed
• mincing
• artful
• simpering
• overdone
• genteel
• studied
• cutesy
• overacted
• inflexible
• goody-goody
• overrefined
• left-handed

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• genuine
• real
• natural
• true
• unaffected
• spontaneous
• artless
• right
• authentic
• realistic
• bona fide
• sincere
• honest
• easy
• ingenuous
• unfeigned
• smooth
• unforced
• uncontrived
• effortless
• unconscious
• impromptu
• instinctive
• unpretending
• impulsive
• extemporaneous
• unstudied
• unrehearsed
• unprompted

sham

2 of 3

noun

ˈsham 

1

as in parody

a poor, insincere, or insulting imitation of something

condemned the rigged election as a total sham

Synonyms & Similar Words

• parody
• joke
• caricature
• farce
• cartoon
• travesty
• hoax
• mockery
• simulation
• comedy
• burlesque
• pretence
• pretense
• counterfeit
• fake
• forgery
• phony
• phoney
• takeoff
• humbug
• feigning
• lampoon
• knockoff

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• tribute
• homage

2

as in hoax

an imitation that is passed off as genuine

the diamond turned out to be a sham

Synonyms & Similar Words

• hoax
• counterfeit
• phoney
• phony
• fake
• copy
• reproduction
• forgery
• replica
• humbug
• synthetic
• bastard
• knockoff
• swindle
• spoof
• copycat
• simulation
• fraud
• dummy
• facsimile
• imposture
• shoddy
• mock-up
• gaff
• duffer
• brummagem

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• original

3

as in fraud

one who makes false claims of identity or expertise

that supposed French movie star was a sham

Synonyms & Similar Words

• fraud
• fake
• pretender
• phoney
• imposter
• charlatan
• phony
• faker
• quack
• deceiver
• impostor
• misleader
• mountebank
• ringer
• fakir
• humbug
• actor
• operator
• counterfeiter
• hoaxer
• quacksalver
• sharper
• copycat
• mimic
• imitator
• dissembler
• swindler
• impersonator
• poseur
• skinner
• dodger
• trickster
• duper
• bluffer
• defrauder
• scammer
• fraudster
• feigner
• scamster
• sharpie
• sharpy
• cozener

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

• master
• expert
• professional
• ace
• virtuoso
• wizard
• authority
• past master
• maestro
• whiz
• adept
• crackajack
• crackerjack

sham

3 of 3

verb

as in to pretend

to present a false appearance of

shammed a most unconvincing limp just to get sympathy

Synonyms & Similar Words

• pretend
• simulate
• assume
• act
• fake
• affect
• pass (for)
• bluff
• feign
• counterfeit
• make believe
• put on
• dissemble
• profess
• conceal
• masquerade
• pose
• forge
• play
• mask
• disguise
• imitate
• camouflage
• let on
• dissimulate
• impersonate
• playact
• feint
• malinger

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Recent Examples of sham

Adjective

During the following eight weeks, half of them received ultrasound stimulation while the other half received daily sham stimulation. —Sangeeta S. Chavan, IEEE Spectrum, 9 June 2025

Following Venezuela’s sham legislative elections May 25, which were boycotted by the main opposition coalition and marked by an embarrassingly low voter turnout, dictator Nicolás Maduro is likely done pretending to hold free elections. —Andres Oppenheimer, Miami Herald, 30 May 2025

Noun

Furthermore, this set offers excellent value by including the duvet cover and shams for seamless coordination. —Jacorey Moon, Architectural Digest, 21 June 2025

The Russian president said Kyiv should recognize the referenda denounced as shams that Moscow said cemented its claim in the oblasts of Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, Donetsk and Luhansk. —Brendan Cole, MSNBC Newsweek, 21 June 2025