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sham

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noun

sham

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verb

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of sham
Adjective
The hoax of further democratizing what was always implicitly democratic relies on sham logic. Armond White, National Review, 27 June 2025 In 2019, the FTC sued several Agora entities over products that promised a sham cure for Type 2 diabetes, and information about a nonexistent government benefits program. Emily Baker-White, Forbes.com, 7 July 2025
Noun
Senate Judiciary Republicans are holding a sham hearing now. Ramsey Touchberry, The Washington Examiner, 18 June 2025 The California high-speed rail project is a sham and should have been stopped many years ago. The Editorial Board, Oc Register, 20 July 2025 See All Example Sentences for sham
Recent Examples of Synonyms for sham
Adjective
  • During 1-on-1 drills, Morris lined up against London, looking to press the wideout as a faux defensive back.
    Hailey Hurst, CNN Money, 14 Aug. 2025
  • Key styles include knitted jacquard suiting and reversible coats lined with faux fur, satin pants, tweed suits, and modern pinstripes on chiffon.
    Roxanne Robinson, Forbes.com, 13 Aug. 2025
Adjective
  • Ownership is clear, authenticity is unquestionable, and counterfeit coins simply cannot exist within the network.
    Becca Bratcher, Forbes.com, 12 Aug. 2025
  • Five people from New York — including two juveniles — were arrested on Monday and accused of trying to use counterfeit money at a number of businesses in Westport.
    Justin Muszynski, Hartford Courant, 5 Aug. 2025
Adjective
  • To supplement those real-life cases, providers visit simulation labs, do monthly mock scenarios, and review advanced skills, such as using an ultrasound to help guide breathing tubes into patient airways.
    Arielle Zionts. KFF Health News, CNN Money, 14 Aug. 2025
  • The tin box includes a hinged plastic clear window where a small paper copy of an issue of The Daily Planet, featuring a large photo of Superboy’s canine pal Krypto on the front page with a mock story.
    Philip Potempa, Chicago Tribune, 13 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • The brothers are reuniting for the first time in 18 years to write an original script for the restart of the horror parody franchise, writing and producing the movie alongside Rick Alvarez.
    Katcy Stephan, Variety, 15 Aug. 2025
  • Some Trump administration officials have sought to play along with the parody, seeking to be in on the joke rather than just the butt of them.
    Brian Stelter, CNN Money, 13 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • Jussie Smollett has maintained his innocence in the case, as the debate of whether or not the incident was a hoax or a hate crime has continued in the more than six years since the incident.
    Michael Saponara, Billboard, 14 Aug. 2025
  • The authorities, though, said on Wednesday, Aug. 13, that detectives believe the whole stunt was a hoax.
    Liam Rappleye, Freep.com, 14 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • Meanwhile, the rise of AI and sophisticated fraud techniques means organizations are managing today's threats with yesterday's tools.
    Chris McHenry, Forbes.com, 7 Aug. 2025
  • The audit said the foundations’ inaccurate financial reporting raises the risk of fraud and misappropriation of funds.
    Kristen Taketa, San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 Aug. 2025
Verb
  • The latest text message attacks making headlines (1,2,3) pretend to be from Amazon.
    Zak Doffman, Forbes.com, 15 Aug. 2025
  • The scammer will pretend to be verified customers and leave reviews for the products that are delivered to unsuspecting residents.
    Laura Daniella Sepulveda, AZCentral.com, 15 Aug. 2025
Adjective
  • In some cases, scam victims have reached out to fraudsters on fake websites, which look legitimate, in hopes of recovering their funds.
    Kelly Phillips Erb, Forbes.com, 16 Aug. 2025
  • Trump still puts himself on fake magazine covers for validation, but some version of his celebrity and influence — and the attendant and unnerving public scrutiny — is now available to anyone who wants it.
    Leah Asmelash, CNN Money, 16 Aug. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Sham.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/sham. Accessed 20 Aug. 2025.

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