sham 1 of 3

Definition of shamnext
1
2
3

sham

2 of 3

noun

sham

3 of 3

verb

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of sham
Adjective
The move comes after Trump has repeatedly suggested the accusations leveled against Netanyahu are sham, politically motivated charges. Emily Hallas, The Washington Examiner, 12 Nov. 2025 Now the junta that ousted her seeks to hold sham polls in December to entrench and legitimize their rule. Kim Aris, Time, 7 Nov. 2025
Noun
People came from great distances to witness his flights, many bent on proving them a sham. Christian Wiman, Harpers Magazine, 30 Dec. 2025 The shams zip completely closed, so there’s no shifting or falling out of the case. Stephanie Osmanski, Better Homes & Gardens, 29 Dec. 2025 See All Example Sentences for sham
Recent Examples of Synonyms for sham
Adjective
  • For maximum coziness, the Skechers Women’s Cozy Escape Snow Puff Slip-ins are like a hug for your feet, with memory foam cushioning and faux fur trim lining the booties.
    Sophie Dodd, Travel + Leisure, 10 Jan. 2026
  • Featuring a soft faux fur lining and non-slip rubber outsoles, these slides are sure to become your go-to shoes for cozy days at home.
    Mia Huelsbeck, PEOPLE, 9 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Detectives from the Glendale Police Department said Auriona Lewis, 24 and Tatiyanna Foster, 26, allegedly used counterfeit $100 bills to purchase small orders and receive change.
    Matthew Rodriguez, CBS News, 10 Jan. 2026
  • Two people allegedly used $100 counterfeit bills at dozens of In-N-Out Burger restaurants in Southern California in a wide-reaching scam.
    Dakota Smith, Los Angeles Times, 10 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • The semi-annual sale includes so many elegant staples, such as mock-neck cardigans, jackets with unique embellishments, and comfortable pants that look super polished — all starting at just $20.
    Rachel Trujillo, PEOPLE, 9 Jan. 2026
  • She’s arrived early for her first shift and has already started the residents and med students on some training by way of mock codes.
    Maggie Fremont, Vulture, 9 Jan. 2026
Noun
  • The three-year Off-Broadway hit is a parody of the classic film Titanic, imagining the story as if Celine Dion were narrating it.
    Lexi Carson, HollywoodReporter, 8 Jan. 2026
  • Maduro played the song at so many events that Chavistas (or Maduro supporters) began to claim it as pro-Maduro, even though Santana made it as a parody of the president.
    Tomás Mier, Rolling Stone, 6 Jan. 2026
Noun
  • Trump has called the affordability argument from Democrats a Democratic hoax.
    Dana Taylor, USA Today, 5 Jan. 2026
  • While it was initially claimed that the letter was legitimate, it was later confirmed to be a cruel hoax.
    Makena Gera, PEOPLE, 4 Jan. 2026
Noun
  • New York Attorney General Letitia James asked a federal judge Friday to dismiss a mortgage fraud case against her, calling it a vindictive and politically motivated prosecution brought at the behest of a president who regards her as an enemy.
    Dave Smith, Fortune, 8 Nov. 2025
  • Quick action can sometimes limit further loss or help investigators trace the fraud.
    Kurt Knutsson, FOXNews.com, 8 Nov. 2025
Verb
  • To pretend as if everyone doesn’t recognize him.
    Mirin Fader, New York Times, 7 Jan. 2026
  • Parents reported that their children loved playing with the original Nékojita FuFu, pretending to fan their faces and blow-dry their hair.
    Sujita Sinha, Interesting Engineering, 6 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Punter Sean West — whose long 24-yard heave on a fake punt outgained every quarterback on the roster.
    Ira Gorawara, New York Times, 9 Nov. 2025
  • Green expertly applies fake eyelashes, thick foundation and a dessert brown eye look, while Messina goes to work piling tight curls atop my head.
    Anna Kaufman, USA Today, 9 Nov. 2025

Browse Nearby Words

Cite this Entry

“Sham.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/sham. Accessed 11 Jan. 2026.

More from Merriam-Webster on sham

Last Updated: - Updated example sentences
Love words? Need even more definitions?

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!