smite

verb

smote ˈsmōt How to pronounce smite (audio) ; smitten ˈsmi-tᵊn How to pronounce smite (audio) or smote; smiting ˈsmī-tiŋ How to pronounce smite (audio)

transitive verb

1
: to strike sharply or heavily especially with the hand or an implement held in the hand
2
a
: to kill or severely injure by smiting
b
: to attack or afflict suddenly and injuriously
smitten by disease
3
: to cause to strike
4
: to affect as if by striking
children smitten with the fear of hellV. L. Parrington
5
: captivate, take
smitten with her beauty

intransitive verb

: to deliver or deal a blow with or as if with the hand or something held
smiter noun

Did you know?

Today’s word has been part of the English language for a very long time; its earliest uses date to before the 12th century. Smite can be traced back to the Old English smītan, meaning “to smear (a substance) on something” or “to stain or defile.” Smite kept these meanings for a few centuries before they became obsolete and others arose or became more prominent, among them the modern “to strike or attack.” But smite also has a softer side. As of the mid-17th century, it can mean “to captivate or take”—a sense that is frequently used in the past participle in such contexts as “smitten by their beauty” or “smitten with them” (meaning “in love with them”). If such a shift seems surprising, just remember what they say about the moon hitting your eye like a big pizza pie (that’s a smiting).

Did you know?

On Smite, Smote, and Smitten

Smote is the past tense form of the verb smite, which is most frequently used to mean "to strike sharply or heavily especially with the hand or with something held in the hand," or "to kill or severely injure by striking in such a way." Smite has two past participle forms (the form used with have and be), smitten and smote, as in "a villain who was smitten/smote by a sword." The former is more common.

It's an old-fashioned word that most modern English users encounter only in literature, and especially in older translations of the Bible, such as the King James Version:

And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.
— Numbers 20:11

So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.
— 1 Samuel 17:50

And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Uzza, and he smote him, because he put his hand to the ark: and there he died before God.
— 1 Chronicles 13:10

And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.
— Acts 12:23

The present tense form is found in the same kinds of contexts:

But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities: Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.
— Deuteronomy 19:11-12

Smite comes from an Old English word meaning “to smear or defile,” and the meanings of the word continued to have negative connotations as the word moved from Old English to Middle English and on to Early Modern English. Most of its meanings over the centuries have had to do with striking, hitting, injuring, punishing, or afflicting someone. The following is a very partial list of the kinds of things people were getting smitten with in books in the first half of the 17th century: leprosy, death, the plague, blindness, fear, sorrow, remorse, a most stinking and vile disease, ulcers, boils, the sword, fiery darts from heaven, the pox, barrenness, angels, God’s displeasure/hand/scourges/rod/terrible thunderbolts/wrath.

It was clearly not a very good time to be smitten. But in the middle of the 17th century there began to be signs that getting smitten might not be so bad after all. The word smitten, that past participle form of smite, was taking on new meaning:

Me-thinks from utmost Inns of Court I see
Young Amorists smitten with Bellesa's look
Caught by the Gills, and fastned to your Book.
—Walter Montagu, The Shepheard’s Paradise, 1659

But smitten with love on sweet Jenny he gaz'd,
and beg'd on his knees that she there would remain….
—(Anon.), The Amorous Gallant, 1655

Around 1650, smitten began to refer not simply to being struck, but to being struck with affection or longing. This sense existed for hundreds of years alongside all the senses one would rather avoid. But the fact that smite had dissimilar meanings does not seem to have confused many people. (We have no evidence, for example, of an exchange like this: “I found myself smitten.” “Wait… do you mean you’re in love, or do you mean that God’s displeasure has rained fiery darts of leprosy from heaven upon you? Very confused here.”)

By the late 18th century, smitten was being used as a full-blown adjective with the meaning "deeply affected with or struck by strong feelings of attraction, affection, or infatuation." It continued (and continues still) to function as a past participle of smite, as does smote. Smote is, however, most often used as the past tense of smite.

In summary, we'll close with a short guide to the 21st century forms of smite:

You plan on inflicting dire and retributive punishment on someone: “I will smite you.”

A man has inflicted dire and retributive punishment on you: “He smote me.”

You are in love (or you have experienced a plague of frogs): “I have been smitten.”

Examples of smite in a Sentence

He vowed that he would smite his enemy. Misfortune smote him and all his family. He smote the ball mightily.
Recent Examples on the Web Since its posting, Burt’s video has garnered more than 20 million views, as well as 2.7 million likes and thousands of comments — many coming from TikTok users who were smitten by the pair’s sweet relationship. Charlotte Phillipp, Peoplemag, 10 Mar. 2024 May, a divorced and retired insurance adjuster living in Mississippi, was smitten. Ken Dilanian, NBC News, 5 Feb. 2024 But we were particularly smitten with Hathaway’s look for the night: Her blue, off-the-shoulder Versace gown was one of the best red carpet dresses of the evening. Christian Allaire, Vogue, 25 Feb. 2024 The root of this word is believed to be tied to the concept of smiting or striking, reflecting the blacksmith's primary activity of hammering metal into shape. Erik Kain, Forbes, 24 Feb. 2024 It's been nearly 25 years since the couple tied the knot, and they're still smitten with one another. Becca Longmire, Peoplemag, 23 Feb. 2024 Don Murray, the venturesome actor who earned an Oscar nomination for playing a rodeo cowboy smitten by Marilyn Monroe in Bus Stop, then spurned Hollywood’s attempts to mold him, has died. Mike Barnes, The Hollywood Reporter, 2 Feb. 2024 Even at this early stage in his career, Zelensky’s confidence went beyond the typical swagger of a young man smitten with success. Simon Shuster, TIME, 4 Jan. 2024 Mack is smitten and wants to shelve her playbook for good. Courtney Howard, Variety, 14 Feb. 2024

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'smite.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, from Old English smītan to smear, defile; akin to Old High German bismīzan to defile

First Known Use

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense

Time Traveler
The first known use of smite was before the 12th century

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Dictionary Entries Near smite

Cite this Entry

“Smite.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/smite. Accessed 28 Mar. 2024.

Kids Definition

smite

verb
smote ˈsmōt How to pronounce smite (audio) ; smitten ˈsmit-ᵊn How to pronounce smite (audio) or smote; smiting ˈsmīt-iŋ How to pronounce smite (audio)
1
: to strike sharply or heavily especially with the hand or a hand weapon
2
a
: to kill or injure by smiting
b
: to attack or afflict suddenly and harmfully
smitten by disease
3
: to affect like a sudden hard blow
smitten with terror
4
: captivate, take sense 6
smitten with the kitten
smiter noun

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