1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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2

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen The arrest of Salvadoran journalist Mario Guevara in Georgia earlier this month highlights the risks journalists who are not citizens face under a Trump administration aggressively pursuing mass deportations. Leila Fadel, NPR, 24 June 2025 The last remaining living American citizen in captivity, he was freed in a one-off deal negotiated by the Trump administration on May 12. Philissa Cramer, Sun Sentinel, 24 June 2025 In addition, all contestants must be a United States citizen, permanent resident or have a valid visa before their audition. Caroline Blair, People.com, 24 June 2025 Blavatnik is a dual citizen of the U.S. and the U.K. Robert Olsen, Forbes.com, 13 June 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • The Trump administration is putting an end to Haiti’s Temporary Protected Status designation, dealing yet another devastating blow to roughly a half-million Haitian nationals, some of whom have lived in the United States for more than a decade.
    Jacqueline Charles, Miami Herald, 28 June 2025
  • Mehran Makari Saheli, was one of 11 Iranian nationals arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement during a 48-hour period in eight states, according to a press release from the Department of Homeland Security.
    Kristi Miller, Twin Cities, 27 June 2025
Noun
  • The whole series questions whether there’s a real creature or it’s invented by the villagers.
    John Hopewell, Variety, 25 June 2025
  • Dragon boat racing was said to begin after villagers agitated the water and paddled to try to save him or prevent his body from being eaten by fish, according to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art.
    Nollyanne Delacruz, Mercury News, 30 May 2025
Noun
  • Council members approved a couple of ordinances to change both the city charter and code to move the local election date to November 2024 — triggering a lawsuit by a handful of North Miami residents.
    Tess Riski, Miami Herald, 21 June 2025
  • The county has had 413 cases since late January — just under 2% of its residents.
    DEVI SHASTRI, Chicago Tribune, 21 June 2025
Noun
  • Its genesis reaches back into our history and is directly related to the health and wellbeing of our nation’s inhabitants, and, more broadly, global health.
    Jennifer Boulanger, New York Daily News, 28 June 2025
  • The aim is to remove tariffs and other trade barriers to ease the movement of goods in a continent of around 1.5 billion inhabitants.
    Alexander Onukwue, semafor.com, 27 June 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 4 Jul. 2025.

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