1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen McCalister wanted to tackle recidivism by helping returning citizens reintegrate back into society, lower auto insurance and property taxes and attract investments and workforce training. Nushrat Rahman, Freep.com, 5 Nov. 2025 The case centers on whether a citizen referendum, overwhelmingly approved by Maine voters last year, complies with First Amendment political speech protections. Michael McCann, Sportico.com, 5 Nov. 2025 Ensuring that citizens in other countries enjoy good health permits their economies to thrive and America’s in turn. Robin Lin Miller, The Conversation, 5 Nov. 2025 The military maintained Jim Crow not only in the deep South but coast to coast, including at large bases where Black citizen-soldiers were concentrated, such as Fort Huachuca, Ariz. Time, 5 Nov. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • Meanwhile Syria remains scarred by years of conflict and nationals in Germany are looking on at the debate with mounting worry.
    Sophie Tanno, CNN Money, 9 Nov. 2025
  • This is the random bunch of misfits Courteney will have to transform into a team competitive enough to make it to nationals, and that will surely start to form one big family along the way.
    Angie Han, HollywoodReporter, 7 Nov. 2025
Noun
  • In the Isan region of Thailand, an ancestral spirit named Ba Yan has been worshiped by villagers for generations.
    Michael Lee Simpson, Entertainment Weekly, 29 Oct. 2025
  • The film, which Jacir has spent eight years developing, centers on a group of Palestinian villagers whose lives are upended by British occupation, tracing the birth of a national movement that reverberates through generations.
    Clayton Davis, Variety, 23 Oct. 2025
Noun
  • Even as federal funding resumes, local colleges, businesses and nonprofits are joining county agencies in maintaining relief efforts for as long as Sacramento-area residents need them.
    Cathie Anderson, Sacbee.com, 12 Nov. 2025
  • The nearly 2,500-square-foot co-op spans the top two floors of the circa 1850s building and overlooks Clement Clarke Moore Park, a private greenspace shared by the block’s residents.
    Abby Montanez, Robb Report, 12 Nov. 2025
Noun
  • The first urban inhabitants drank wine, a recent archaeological survey found, after discovering the rare wine press near Tel Megiddo in Israel’s north.
    Maria Mocerino, Interesting Engineering, 8 Nov. 2025
  • The title refers to the series' universal optimism pandemic that has somehow swept the planet, creating one unnaturally cheerful global society out of the planet's billions of inhabitants.
    Jeff Spry, Space.com, 7 Nov. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 15 Nov. 2025.

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