1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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2

Synonym Chooser

How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen McCalister wanted to tackle recidivism by helping returning citizens reintegrate back into society, lower auto insurance and property taxes and attract investments and workforce training. Nushrat Rahman, Freep.com, 5 Nov. 2025 The case centers on whether a citizen referendum, overwhelmingly approved by Maine voters last year, complies with First Amendment political speech protections. Michael McCann, Sportico.com, 5 Nov. 2025 Ensuring that citizens in other countries enjoy good health permits their economies to thrive and America’s in turn. Robin Lin Miller, The Conversation, 5 Nov. 2025 The military maintained Jim Crow not only in the deep South but coast to coast, including at large bases where Black citizen-soldiers were concentrated, such as Fort Huachuca, Ariz. Time, 5 Nov. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • As the situation deteriorates, the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany among others have urged their nationals to leave Bamako.
    Tim Lister, CNN Money, 2 Nov. 2025
  • In 2001, India used Ayni to evacuate its nationals after the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan.
    MSNBC Newsweek, MSNBC Newsweek, 29 Oct. 2025
Noun
  • In the Isan region of Thailand, an ancestral spirit named Ba Yan has been worshiped by villagers for generations.
    Michael Lee Simpson, Entertainment Weekly, 29 Oct. 2025
  • The film, which Jacir has spent eight years developing, centers on a group of Palestinian villagers whose lives are upended by British occupation, tracing the birth of a national movement that reverberates through generations.
    Clayton Davis, Variety, 23 Oct. 2025
Noun
  • Until recently there were only around 100 spots in the entire county that accepted ​Medi-Cal, the state health insurance for low-income residents, resulting in long wait times for people actively trying to get help.
    Blake Nelson, San Diego Union-Tribune, 5 Nov. 2025
  • Agents with Arkansas Attorney General Tim Griffin's office last week arrested two Helena-West Helena residents, one of them an employee with the state Department of Corrections, accused of working together to defraud the state's Medicaid program, a Tuesday news release from Griffin's office states.
    Arkansas Online, Arkansas Online, 5 Nov. 2025
Noun
  • While the cease-fire is essential to prevent further injury and death, humanitarian aid to the 2 million inhabitants of Gaza is vital to begin transforming their situations.
    Anna Halford, Time, 25 Oct. 2025
  • Related Stories The film explores how colonial-era conflicts resurface through supernatural events, with spirits returning and black magic stirring as the legacy of empire haunts the land and its inhabitants in Bujang Valley.
    Naman Ramachandran, Variety, 24 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 8 Nov. 2025.

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