1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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2

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen Of course, such arbitrary exercise of power undercuts citizens’ trust in official data and their ability to assess the consequences of government action. Thomas Stapleford, Chicago Tribune, 11 Aug. 2025 While the Serrano family lived in the U.K., they were not believed to be British citizens, according to the U.K. Foreign Office, per the BBC. Toria Sheffield, People.com, 11 Aug. 2025 The image is the latest of five jaguar sightings documented this summer by the University of Arizona’s Wild Cat Research and Conservation Center and their team of citizen scientists. Shelby Slade, AZCentral.com, 11 Aug. 2025 For context, in 2024, the U.S. spent roughly $3,000 per citizen on national defense, more than four times what most European nations spent, according to an article from Barron’s. Steven Dudash, Forbes.com, 31 July 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • Lai, a British national, stands accused of two counts of colluding with foreign forces – a crime punishable by life in prison under the 2020 national security law imposed by Beijing – and a separate sedition charge.
    Chris Lau, CNN Money, 15 Aug. 2025
  • GoFundMe What To Know ICE agents detained Guerrero-Cruz, a Chilean national who turned 18 last month, just before he was set to start his senior year at Reseda Charter High School.
    Dan Gooding, MSNBC Newsweek, 15 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • Flames reached two villages in the centre of the country, forcing villagers to flee, taking their livestock with them.
    USA Today, USA Today, 14 Aug. 2025
  • As villagers pack their belongings and flee their homes, the calf is sold to cattle traders and begins a journey from Armenia through Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan, crossing ever-shifting borders and communities in flux.
    Leo Barraclough, Variety, 14 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • Kinloch addressed his supporters at a gospel music celebration put on by metro Detroit pastors and musicians at Mount Zion Baptist Church over the weekend, and attended listening sessions with residents who invited him to speak.
    Dana Afana, Freep.com, 7 Aug. 2025
  • The 52-year-old Milwaukee resident, who works in Brown Deer, has been a barber for more than 21 years.
    Adrienne Davis, jsonline.com, 7 Aug. 2025
Noun
  • Hurricane José was expected to strike, too, a few days later, so inhabitants underwent a mandatory evacuation to Antigua en masse.
    Mark Ellwood, Robb Report, 10 Aug. 2025
  • Home to just over 1.1 million residents, the province's largest urban centers include Saskatoon, with 300,000 residents, and the capital city Regina, with approximately 240,000 inhabitants.
    Doc Louallen, ABC News, 4 Aug. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 21 Aug. 2025.

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