1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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2

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen Jeff John Roberts Big TechSocial Media Larry Ellison once predicted ‘citizens will be on their best behavior’ amid constant recording. Orianna Rosa Royle, Fortune, 30 Sep. 2025 Once a border is set, any settlers remaining on the Palestinian side would become Jewish citizens of Palestine, just as Israel today has a large Arab community that makes up some 20 percent of its population. Yair Rosenberg, The Atlantic, 30 Sep. 2025 Born in Hungary to a Russian family but a British citizen since 1999, Dubov is CEO of TSI, a group with a broad portfolio that takes in Esports, artificial intelligence, padel and a range of other concerns. Nick Miller, New York Times, 30 Sep. 2025 The government of Flanders, in Belgium, went further, promising every citizen a Solid Pod as part of its compliance with Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation. Julian Lucas, New Yorker, 29 Sep. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • The recent wave of detentions appears to conflict with federal protections granted under TPS, which is specifically designed to shield eligible Venezuelan nationals from deportation due to unsafe conditions in their home country.
    Syra Ortiz Blanes, Miami Herald, 27 Sep. 2025
  • About 70% of H-1B visa holders are Indian nationals.
    Ian Bremmer, Time, 27 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • As with the enclosures in England and Scotland, villagers were uprooted and dispossessed to make way for sheep and cattle.
    Matthew Wills, JSTOR Daily, 30 Sep. 2025
  • The children were accidentally napalmed by South Vietnamese pilots who mistook a group of fleeing villagers for Viet Cong.
    Louis Menand, New Yorker, 27 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • When the federal government reached an agreement with Alabama officials last October to address destructive flooding in the predominantly Black Shiloh community, residents thought their calls for help had finally been answered.
    Maia Rosenfeld, ABC News, 1 Oct. 2025
  • Her love of the Big Apple is one Spike, a lifelong Brooklyn resident, also shares.
    Collette Reitz, PEOPLE, 30 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • Head to the Museum of the Cherokee People to explore exhibits that chronicle the history, heritage, and arts of the region’s earliest inhabitants.
    Cu Fleshman, Travel + Leisure, 4 Oct. 2025
  • When teen, Kat (Christina Ricci) and her pseudo spiritual medium dad (Bill Pullman) are hired to rid a haunted mansion of its ghostly inhabitants, Kat ends up meeting a friendly ghost named Casper.
    DeVonne Goode, Parents, 2 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 6 Oct. 2025.

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