1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen But words on paper only work if leaders respect them and citizens demand they be upheld. Aron Solomon september 3, Literary Hub, 3 Sep. 2025 Many of our aging citizens and their families rely on the trust of caregivers in today's society. Christina Hall, Freep.com, 3 Sep. 2025 In a move that surprised some, the Republican governor’s proclamation also called on lawmakers to weaken the state’s initiative petition process, a more than a century-old mechanism for direct democracy that allows citizens to put measures on the ballot. Kacen Bayless, Kansas City Star, 3 Sep. 2025 The State of California has warned citizens to beware a similar text scam. Zak Doffman, Forbes.com, 3 Sep. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • Federal immigration authorities detained Ageu Del Almeida Freitas after the 42-year-old Brazilian national tried to resist arrest.
    Lance Reynolds, Boston Herald, 7 Sep. 2025
  • At least 300 of those detained were South Korean nationals, the country's foreign ministry said.
    Kristina Foltz, MSNBC Newsweek, 7 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • Since then, five villagers Barraza represented were killed.
    Ray Long, Chicago Tribune, 3 Sep. 2025
  • During the 1970s, rural villagers in India, particularly women, responded to the invasion of loggers by embracing trees under threat, in what became known as the Chipko movement.
    Ellen Walker, JSTOR Daily, 3 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • Data from a 2024 study that my colleague and I published in the American Journal of Public Health demonstrates that Black Chicagoans were the only race group to experience significant increases in suicide among both male and female residents between 2015 and 2021.
    Chicago Tribune, Chicago Tribune, 3 Sep. 2025
  • Like Phoenix residents heading up to Flagstaff on a summer weekend, some desert mammals’ strategy to beat the heat is to simply move to a cooler place.
    John Leos, AZCentral.com, 3 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • But unlike the billions of other web-using inhabitants of planet Earth, the 72-year-old Canter feels an ever-so-slight twinge of culpability for all that digital junk that rockets across the internet each day.
    Johnny Dodd, PEOPLE, 6 Sep. 2025
  • Assembled at Port-La Nouvelle and towed 16 km offshore, the turbines now stand ready for the final stage of cable and grid connection works done by RTE, before starting to deliver clean energy to approximately 50,000 inhabitants each year.
    Prabhat Ranjan Mishra, Interesting Engineering, 5 Sep. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 8 Sep. 2025.

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