fundamental

1 of 2

adjective

fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈmen-tᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
1
a
: serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : basic
Responsibility is fundamental to democracy.
The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights.
b
: serving as an original or generating source : primary
a discovery fundamental to modern computers
2
a
: of or relating to essential structure, function, or facts : radical
fundamental change
also : of or dealing with general principles rather than practical application
fundamental science
b
: adhering to fundamentalism
a preacher who is evangelical, Bible-teaching, and fundamental
3
: of central importance : principal
fundamental purpose
such fundamental events as birth, marriage, and death
4
: belonging to one's innate or ingrained characteristics : deep-rooted
her fundamental good humor
5
: of, relating to, or produced by the lowest component of a complex vibration (see vibration sense 1)

fundamental

2 of 2

noun

1
: something fundamental
especially : one of the minimum constituents without which a thing or a system would not be what it is
2
a
: the principal musical tone produced by vibration (as of a string or column of air) on which a series of higher harmonics is based
b
: the root of a chord
3
: the harmonic component of a complex wave that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude
Choose the Right Synonym for fundamental

essential, fundamental, vital, cardinal mean so important as to be indispensable.

essential implies belonging to the very nature of a thing and therefore being incapable of removal without destroying the thing itself or its character.

conflict is essential in drama

fundamental applies to something that is a foundation without which an entire system or complex whole would collapse.

fundamental principles of algebra

vital suggests something that is necessary to a thing's continued existence or operation.

cut off from vital supplies

cardinal suggests something on which an outcome turns or depends.

a cardinal rule in buying a home

Examples of fundamental in a Sentence

Adjective The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights. There's a fundamental difference between these two political parties. These ideas are of fundamental importance. The revolution brought about a fundamental change in the country. We need to make some fundamental changes in the way we do business. We need to address these problems on a more fundamental level.
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
But hoping the drugs’ benefits will last even after stopping them ignores the fundamental biology of obesity, experts said. Jonel Aleccia, Fortune, 7 Mar. 2024 Another lesson of my M.I.T. years was the fundamental separation between busyness and productivity. Cal Newport, The New Yorker, 5 Mar. 2024 Addressing false claims made by district attorney staff or the media is a fundamental responsibility of this office. Michael Ruiz, Fox News, 5 Mar. 2024 While some American officials continue to attack strong encryption as an enabler of child abuse and other crimes, a key European court has upheld it as fundamental to the basic right to privacy. Joseph Menn, Washington Post, 5 Mar. 2024 The decision between pursuing an MBA (Master of Business Administration) and obtaining a CPA (Certified Public Accountant) license stands as a fundamental crossroads. Bryce Welker, Miami Herald, 5 Mar. 2024 The survey pointed to a fundamental shift in how voters who backed Mr. Biden four years ago have come to see him. Ruth Igielnik, New York Times, 3 Mar. 2024 Dyslexia represents an interruption of these automatic systems at a more fundamental level, and that is the level where Dysolve goes to work. Ray Ravaglia, Forbes, 2 Mar. 2024 The correspondence was meant to explore a sale, separation or fundamental shift in the current management structure. Mia Galuppo, The Hollywood Reporter, 29 Feb. 2024
Noun
Henry vowed to restore order and hold elections, but two and half years later, the world’s first free Black republic is further than ever from those democratic fundamentals. Caitlin Stephen Hu, CNN, 4 Mar. 2024 Reed is also the CEO of the Lakeside Riders Youth Outreach and Community Services Inc., a nonprofit based in Mansfield that teaches disadvantaged children the fundamentals of horseback riding, hunting, fishing and camping. Kamal Morgan, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 3 Mar. 2024 Raveendran’s style of instruction focused on teaching students the fundamentals, rather than resorting to shortcuts. Pallavi Pundir, Fortune Asia, 1 Mar. 2024 Of course, so long as the underlying fundamentals provide real growth. John S. Tobey, Forbes, 29 Feb. 2024 While office real estate faces a more challenging path to recovery, the commercial sector at large stands to benefit from relatively solid fundamentals, a lower interest rate environment and an infusion of private capital, Kelly says. Isabelle Lee, Fortune, 28 Feb. 2024 Taxation: Explore the fundamentals of U.S. tax law, including income taxation for individuals and businesses. Bryce Welker, Miami Herald, 26 Feb. 2024 In today’s crossword, Adam Wagner invites us to revisit another set of early education fundamentals with his theme. Sam Corbin, New York Times, 18 Feb. 2024 Focus on the fundamentals rather than running trick plays. Courtney Howard, Variety, 14 Feb. 2024

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'fundamental.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin fundāmentālis "serving as a foundation," from Latin fundāmentum "foundation, basis" + -ālis -al entry 1 — more at fundament

Noun

derivative of fundamental entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1b

Noun

1617, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of fundamental was in the 15th century

Dictionary Entries Near fundamental

Cite this Entry

“Fundamental.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fundamental. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.

Kids Definition

fundamental

1 of 2 adjective
fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈment-ᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
1
: being or forming a foundation : basic, essential
a discovery fundamental to modern science
our fundamental rights
2
: of or relating to essential structure or function : radical
fundamental change
3
: of, relating to, or produced by the lowest part of a complex vibration
4
: of central importance : principal
fundamental purpose
fundamentally adverb

fundamental

2 of 2 noun
1
: something fundamental : a basic part
fundamentals of arithmetic
2
: the part of a complex wave that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude
Etymology

Adjective

Middle English fundamental "serving as a base or source of support," from Latin fundamentalis "of a foundation," from fundamentum "foundation," derived from fundus "bottom, base" — related to found entry 2, fund

Medical Definition

fundamental

noun
fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈment-ᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
: the principal musical tone produced by vibration (as of a string or column of air) on which a series of higher overtones is based

More from Merriam-Webster on fundamental

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