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By and large means “in general” or "on the whole" in most contexts, but in sailors’ lingo of yore, whence the phrase arose, by and large described a vessel alternately sailing as directly into the wind as possible (typically within about 45 degrees of the wind)—that is, by—and away from the direction from which the wind is blowing, with the wind hitting the vessel’s widest point—that is, large. (Note that this by also appears in the term full and by: "sailing as directly into the wind as possible and with all sails full.") William Bourne’s 1578 book Inventions or Devises offers insight into the phrase’s original use: “… to make a ship to draw or go but little into the water, and to hold a good wind, and to sail well both by and large, were very necessary …” As has happened with much nautical jargon, the phrase eventually came ashore. By and large, landlubbers welcomed it, first in the sense "in many directions" or "in all ways," and ultimately with its present meaning of "in general."
Examples of by and large in a Sentence
Greg Evans, Deadline, 21 Apr. 2025
And the cyclists who excel at the Tour of Flanders are—by and large—built differently from those who win the Tour.
—Frederick Dreier, Outside Online, 2 Apr. 2025
The American people, by and large, many of them are fed up.
—ABC News, 23 Mar. 2025
Voters by and large don’t care about the intricacies of who’s responsible for what within the city’s massive public bureaucracy.
—Jake Sheridan, Chicago Tribune, 4 Apr. 2025
See All Example Sentences for by and large
Cite this Entry
“By and large.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/by%20and%20large. Accessed 2 May. 2025.
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