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By and large means “in general” or "on the whole" in most contexts, but in sailors’ lingo of yore, whence the phrase arose, by and large described a vessel alternately sailing as directly into the wind as possible (typically within about 45 degrees of the wind)—that is, by—and away from the direction from which the wind is blowing, with the wind hitting the vessel’s widest point—that is, large. (Note that this by also appears in the term full and by: "sailing as directly into the wind as possible and with all sails full.") William Bourne’s 1578 book Inventions or Devises offers insight into the phrase’s original use: “… to make a ship to draw or go but little into the water, and to hold a good wind, and to sail well both by and large, were very necessary …” As has happened with much nautical jargon, the phrase eventually came ashore. By and large, landlubbers welcomed it, first in the sense "in many directions" or "in all ways," and ultimately with its present meaning of "in general."
Examples of by and large in a Sentence
Melissa Willets, Parents, 22 Nov. 2025
As the show exploded in popularity, the cast expanded to include new kids played by Sadie Sink and Priah Ferguson (in Season 2), and a new teen played by Maya Hawke (in Season 3) — as well as a few other characters who, by and large, were killed off along the way.
—Kate Aurthur, Variety, 13 Nov. 2025
People, by and large, have the opinions of their tribe.
—Outside Online, 12 Nov. 2025
Those that did submit by and large showed improvement in their emissions reduction efforts, but not enough to meet climate targets.
—Time, 7 Nov. 2025
See All Example Sentences for by and large
Cite this Entry
“By and large.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/by%20and%20large. Accessed 29 Nov. 2025.
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