arbiter

noun

ar·​bi·​ter ˈär-bə-tər 

1

: a person with power to decide a dispute : judge

The mayor will act as the final arbiter in any dispute between board members.

2

: a person or agency whose judgment or opinion is considered authoritative

arbiters of taste

Did you know?

Are arbiter and arbitration arbitrary?

A large portion of the words we use today come from Latin roots. Many of these words retain a meaning that is closely related to their Latin ancestor, although sometimes they will drift a considerable distance from their roots (sinister, for instance, had the meaning of “on the left side” in Latin, but also meant “unlucky, inauspicious”). In some instances, a single Latin word will give rise to multiple words in English, some of which have strayed in meaning, and others which have not.

An example of this may be found in our word arbiter. We trace it to the Latin root with the same spelling, arbiter, meaning “eyewitness, onlooker, person appointed to settle a dispute.” A number of English words stem from the Latin arbiter, many of which have to do with judging or being a judge. An arbiter is a judge, and arbitration is the act of judging, or serving as an arbiter. Yet the most common meaning of arbitrary is “existing or coming about seemingly at random or by chance or as a capricious and unreasonable act of will,” which seems to be quite a bit different in meaning from the other two words. Arbitrary does indeed come from the same Latin root, and its oldest meaning in English was “depending on choice or discretion particularly regarding the decision of a judge or a tribunal.” But over time it developed additional senses that are somewhat removed from that initial meaning.

Synonyms

• adjudicator
• arbitrator
• judge
• referee
• umpire

Examples of arbiter in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web

While the simple definition of recession has been two consecutive quarters of GDP decline, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) has historically been the final arbiter of dating the business cycle. —Bill Stone, Forbes.com, 27 Apr. 2025

Evan Lam, who aspires to study medicine at UC Irvine, often acts as his mom’s Disney ears style arbiter. —Andrew J. Campa, Los Angeles Times, 18 Apr. 2025

All of this raises critics’ doubts that Kennedy could be anything like a fair and knowledgeable arbiter of the roots of autism—much less that an HHS under his direction could determine those roots in the next five months. —Jeffrey Kluger, Time, 18 Apr. 2025

According to Yahoo Sports, the entity is expected to also hire a lead investigator in addition to a CEO-type leader, and would be the arbiter of which athlete NIL deals over $600 pass muster under new pay provisions created by the House settlement. —Daniel Libit, Sportico.com, 15 Apr. 2025

Word History

Etymology

Middle English arbitour, arbitre, borrowed from Anglo-French, borrowed from Latin arbiter "eyewitness, onlooker, person appointed to settle a dispute," perhaps, if going back to *ad-biteros, from ad- ad- + *-biteros, derivative from a base *-bit- akin to bītere, baetere, bētere "to go," of obscure origin

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Phrases Containing arbiter

• arbiter elegantiarum

Kids Definition

arbiter

noun

ar·​bi·​ter ˈär-bət-ər 

1

: arbitrator

2

: a person whose judgment or opinion decides what is right or proper

an arbiter of taste

Legal Definition

arbiter

noun

ar·​bi·​ter ˈär-bə-tər 

: arbitrator

Etymology

Latin, onlooker, arbitrator