sin

1 of 4

noun (1)

1
a
: an offense against religious or moral law
b
: an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible
it's a sin to waste food
c
: an often serious shortcoming : fault
2
a
: transgression of the law of God
b
: a vitiated state of human nature in which the self is estranged from God

sin

2 of 4

verb

sinned; sinning

intransitive verb

1
: to commit a sin
2
: to commit an offense or fault

sin

3 of 4

noun (2)

ˈsēn How to pronounce sin (audio)
ˈsin
: the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet see Alphabet Table

sin

4 of 4

abbreviation

sine

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More on the Meaning of Sin

The word sin has been in use for well over a thousand years. Our current form of the word comes from the Middle English sinne, which is itself from the Old English syn. The original meanings of sin were largely concerned with religious matters ("an offense against religious or moral law"; "a transgression of the law of God"; "a vitiated state of human nature in which the self is estranged from God"), as they still are today.

Sin does, however, have weakened, non-religious meanings. In its "an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible" meaning it is still a weighty word; it refers to actions of a kind that are likely to be strongly condemned. Far weaker is its "an often serious shortcoming" meaning, which can jokingly apply to a harmless act like eating one dessert too many, or can be paired with another word to refer to a failing of one kind or another, as in "literary/grammatical sins."

The word sinful, although it is most often found used in reference to behavior that is in some way wicked, may also be found denoting activities which are quite enjoyable (although still possibly guilt-inducing), such as eating "a sinful dessert."

Sin is also used in a fair number of compound nouns, some of which allow shades of sinfulness: a venial sin is much less serious than a mortal sin.

If you find yourself in need of a word with which to describe behavior or inclinations that are in some way questionable, but feel that sin is too strong a word, the English language has a wealth of options available. The Latin word peccare (“to sin”) has given rise to a number of English words that deal with sin, but which have less fire and brimstone in their meanings. We have peccadillo (“a slight offense”), peccable (which may mean either “liable to sin” or “susceptible to temptation”), and peccant (“violating a principle or rule, as of taste or propriety”).

Choose the Right Synonym for sin

offense, sin, vice, crime, scandal mean a transgression of law.

offense applies to the infraction of any law, rule, or code.

at that school no offense went unpunished

sin implies an offense against moral or religious law.

the sin of blasphemy

vice applies to a habit or practice that degrades or corrupts.

regarded gambling as a vice

crime implies a serious offense punishable by the law of the state.

the crime of murder

scandal applies to an offense that outrages the public conscience.

a career ruined by a sex scandal

Examples of sin in a Sentence

Verb Forgive me, for I have sinned. bless me, Father, for I have sinned
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
Related article Florida’s ‘Stop WOKE Act’ commits a ‘First Amendment sin,’ appeals court says in a ruling that blocks part of the bill Colleges and universities also used affirmative action to boost enrollment of students of color at majority-White schools. Nicquel Terry Ellis, CNN, 9 Mar. 2024 And can a new generation completely escape the sins of its predecessors? Gustavo Arellano, Los Angeles Times, 27 Feb. 2024 Oh Happy Day Happy day, happy day, When Jesus washed my sins away! Jorie Nicole McDonald, Southern Living, 31 Jan. 2024 Considered the ultimate sacrifice, Jesus died for the sins of others by crucifixion and was later laid to rest at a nearby tomb. Marina Johnson, The Courier-Journal, 21 Feb. 2024 Day’s adaptation strips away most of the political background of the 2017 novel, leaving only residual traces of Jakub’s search for redemption for the sins of his father, an informant for the Communist Party publicly disgraced following the fall of the regime. David Rooney, The Hollywood Reporter, 21 Feb. 2024 But some of America’s biggest failures have been errors of omission rather than commission — cases in which the strategic sin was not doing too much but too little, and in which being overly cautious eventually exacted a terrible price. Hal Brands, The Mercury News, 21 Feb. 2024 And even those of us who despised Fahim, who refused to forgive his past sins, couldn’t deny the triumph of his resurrection. Jamil Jan Kochai, The New Yorker, 19 Feb. 2024 William Johnston, an associate professor of religious studies at the University of Dayton, told USA TODAY that abstaining from eating meat is also a form of penance– admitting to any wrongdoings and sins while turning back to belief in God. Julia Gomez, USA TODAY, 13 Feb. 2024
Verb
So also consider yourselves dead to sin, and alive to God in Jesus Christ our Lord. Jorie Nicole McDonald, Southern Living, 31 Jan. 2024 Gregory of Nyssa, contemplating the Christian horror of concupiscence, once theorized that had not Adam and Eve sinned, the two of them would have remained virgins and reproduced in whatever way angels did. David Harsanyi, National Review, 8 June 2023 An unknown individual or individuals entered a retail business sin the 2200 block of Willow Road, took food and household items and left the store without paying April 3. Steve Sadin, Chicago Tribune, 10 Apr. 2023 To, in other words, grievously sin. Alex Morris, Rolling Stone, 18 June 2022 Yet it could be argued that Abraham, by acting to improve his situation, did not sin. Rabbi Avi Weiss, sun-sentinel.com, 4 Oct. 2021 The writer framed one of the most famous incidents in his epic poem—the tragic story of real-life lovers Paolo Malatesta and Francesca da Polenta—as a cautionary tale against succumbing to sin. John-Paul Heil, Smithsonian Magazine, 3 Nov. 2021 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus. Karla Pope, Good Housekeeping, 21 Feb. 2023 Or, to interpret the overly charitable praise of the America reviewer: to sin shamelessly. Armond White, National Review, 10 Feb. 2023

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'sin.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Noun (1)

Middle English sinne, from Old English synn; akin to Old High German sunta sin and probably to Latin sont-, sons guilty, est is — more at is

Noun (2)

Hebrew śin

First Known Use

Noun (1)

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Verb

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Noun (2)

circa 1823, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of sin was before the 12th century

Dictionary Entries Near sin

Cite this Entry

“Sin.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sin. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.

Kids Definition

sin

1 of 2 noun
1
: a breaking of a moral law
2
: an action that is or is felt to be bad

sin

2 of 2 verb
sinned; sinning
: to commit a sin

More from Merriam-Webster on sin

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