proliferate

verb

pro·​lif·​er·​ate prə-ˈli-fə-ˌrāt How to pronounce proliferate (audio)
proliferated; proliferating

intransitive verb

1
: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring
2
: to increase in number as if by proliferating : multiply

transitive verb

1
: to cause to grow by proliferating
2
: to cause to increase in number or extent as if by proliferating
proliferation noun

Did you know?

Proliferate is a back-formation of proliferation. That means that proliferation came first (we borrowed it from French in the 1700s), and was later shortened to form the verb. Proliferation originally referred to the botanical phenomenon of some plants having buds, flowers, or other parts that are adventitious—that is, that arise or occur sporadically or in other than the usual location (e.g. pitch pines’ ability to sprout new trees directly from their stumps after a fire). With advances in the study of biology in the 1800s, proliferation came to be used to refer to the rapid and repeated production of cells by division. That sense in turn begat the verb proliferate, which eventually came to be used when anything—whether living (such as yeast) or nonliving (such as data)—quickly increases or multiplies.

Examples of proliferate in a Sentence

rumors about the incident proliferated on the Internet
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Electric SUVs like the R1S are proliferating at dealerships, giving consumers a wide choice. Morgan Korn, ABC News, 9 Nov. 2025 Backed by Celebrands — the firm also behind Halsey’s About-face color line — ‘Ôrebella has quickly established itself among the standout celebrity beauty brands of its time as the category proliferates. Noor Lobad, Footwear News, 7 Nov. 2025 While the agency continues to investigate the extent of the damage, independent experts say the incident is a clear sign that the danger of proliferating orbital debris is only going to grow. Humberto Basilio, Scientific American, 7 Nov. 2025 Even as conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases have become more effective than ever, alternative treatments, including nutritional supplements, breathing exercises, hyperbaric oxygen chambers, and cold plunges in frigid water, have proliferated. Jason Liebowitz, The Atlantic, 4 Nov. 2025 See All Example Sentences for proliferate

Word History

Etymology

back-formation from proliferation, from French prolifération, from proliférer to proliferate, from prolifère reproducing freely, from Latin proles + -fer -ferous

First Known Use

1866, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of proliferate was in 1866

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Cite this Entry

“Proliferate.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proliferate. Accessed 11 Nov. 2025.

Kids Definition

proliferate

verb
pro·​lif·​er·​ate prə-ˈlif-ə-ˌrāt How to pronounce proliferate (audio)
proliferated; proliferating
: to grow or increase rapidly
proliferation noun

Medical Definition

proliferate

verb
pro·​lif·​er·​ate prə-ˈlif-ə-ˌrāt How to pronounce proliferate (audio)
proliferated; proliferating

intransitive verb

: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring

transitive verb

: to cause to grow by proliferating

More from Merriam-Webster on proliferate

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