fluctuation

noun

fluc·​tu·​a·​tion ˌflək-chə-ˈwā-shən 

-chü-ˈā-

plural fluctuations

: an act or instance of fluctuating : an irregular shifting back and forth or up and down in the level, strength, or value of something

Small fluctuations in prices are to be expected.

Some fluctuation in real estate values is not unusual.

North American species in general, having contended with blazing July days and frosty September nights as they evolved, are much more tolerant of temperature fluctuations than tropical species are.

—Jonathan Franzen

fluctuational

ˌflək-chə-ˈwā-sh(ə-)nəl 

-chü-ˈā-

adjective

Synonyms of fluctuation

• oscillation
• change

Examples of fluctuation in a Sentence

political instability that resulted in wild fluctuations in the overseas stock markets

Recent Examples on the Web

Unlike other meat products, chicken has seen little fluctuation in recent months. —Claire Malon, Chicago Tribune, 16 May 2026

All of these material properties play a role in generating the potential measured by a probe, independent of any special Casimir forces or vacuum fluctuations. —Stephen Clark, ArsTechnica, 15 May 2026

For every $1 fluctuation in the average annual price of oil, New Mexico sees a roughly $59 million swing in state government income. —Morgan Lee, Fortune, 15 May 2026

Demand fluctuation, lead-time uncertainty and process inconsistency play a crucial role in impacting these costs. —Expert Panel®, Forbes.com, 15 May 2026

Word History

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined above

Rhymes for fluctuation

• ablation
• aeration
• bination
• carnation
• cassation
• castration
• causation
• centration
• cessation
• cetacean
• chelation
• citation

Medical Definition

fluctuation

noun

fluc·​tu·​a·​tion ˌflək-chə-ˈwā-shən 

1

: a motion like that of waves

especially : the wavelike motion of a fluid collected in a natural or artificial cavity of the body observed by palpation or percussion

2

a

: a slight and nonheritable variation

especially : such a variation occurring in response to environmental factors

b

: recurrent and often more or less cyclic alteration (as of form, size, or color of a bodily part)

fluctuate

ˈflək-chə-ˌwāt 

verb

fluctuated; fluctuating