Only three African sovereigns hold investment grade ratings, according to a background note from the AU’s African Peer Review Mechanism (ARPM).
—
Tiisetso Motsoeneng,
semafor.com,
7 Oct. 2026
On 28 July, Moody’s changed its MENA outlook from stable to negative, noting that the impairment of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz will weigh on the growth of Gulf sovereigns, as well as their fiscal and external positions.
That point mattered in a republic still deciding how its authority should differ from that of the European monarchies that Americans portrayed as corrupt.
—
Maurizio Valsania,
The Conversation,
14 Oct. 2026
Hovering in the background are the schemes and interests of a constellation of greater powers, including Gulf monarchies such as the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, as well as Turkey and Egypt.
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