How to Use refractory in a Sentence

refractory

1 of 2 adjective

• All of the children had rare, relapsed or refractory cancers and were running out of treatment options.
  — Michelle Marchante, Miami Herald, 11 Apr. 2024
• Made with refractory material like that found in faux fireplace logs, the spooky stoneware skulls are fireproof and lightweight.
  — Kirby Adams, The Courier-Journal, 12 Oct. 2021
• Soon Maggie seems to be channeling him, both in her refractory behavior and in her strange, scrawled paintings.
  — Sam Sacks, WSJ, 18 May 2018
• Similar to refractory bricks, firebricks can store heat or insulate, depending on what they’re made from.
  — New Atlas, 5 Aug. 2024
• For instance, determining whether a heart attack needs to be urgently catheterized depends in part on if a patient’s chest pain is refractory to medical treatment.
  — Abraar Karan, BostonGlobe.com, 9 Aug. 2019
• Cinematographer Yves Bélanger was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles.
  — Roxana Hadadi, Vulture, 15 Sep. 2021
• This response lasts for about 10 minutes, after which the cat becomes refractory to catnip’s effects for roughly 30 minutes.
  — Kate Wong, Scientific American, 1 Oct. 2018
• The ketogenic diet was developed nearly 100 years ago to reduce seizures in children with refractory epilepsy.
  — Bradley J. Fikes, sandiegouniontribune.com, 6 May 2017
• These fractious workplace relationships aren’t so much the fault of refractory unions or exploitative bosses, as the inevitable outcome of poor geology.
  — Washington Post, 12 May 2019
• However, there is some concern regarding the safety of PPI treatment, as well as the fact that a subset of patients are refractory.
  — Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 1 June 2022
• About 28 million patients worldwide suffer from refractory chronic cough, which the cough medicine camlipixant targets.
  — BostonGlobe.com, 18 Apr. 2023
• All of these participants were also taking opioids, but still experiencing refractory pain.
  — Sarah Jacoby, SELF, 21 Sep. 2017
• But 5% of heart failure remains refractory to medical treatment, and in these patients palliative care has been shown to improve patient satisfaction and decrease costs.
  — Marc Siegel, WSJ, 16 Apr. 2018
• These trials routinely focus on those cancers, such as multiple myeloma and refractory colon cancer, which have resisted standard therapies.
  — Dallas News, 4 Sep. 2018
• Magneco/Metrel was founded in 1981 and specializes in refractory products for aluminum, brick, ceramic, glass, iron and steel.
  — William Thornton | [email protected], al, 1 Mar. 2023
• And since other medical treatments for refractory endometriosis carry other risks, that surgical diagnosis is important for confirming the cause of the pain before those other options are tried.
  — Perri Klass, New York Times, 3 Feb. 2020
• Interim results from two Phase 3 studies show the ability of ibrexafungerp to combat refractory fungal infections in a hospital setting.
  — Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 6 July 2022
• Another way to reduce what reaches the ground is to substitute refractory materials such as titanium and steel, used to make things like fuel tanks and fly wheels, with substances such as aluminium and graphite epoxy that vaporise more easily.
  — The Economist, 10 Aug. 2019
• One advancement has come in the ability to manufacture refractory metals, which are extraordinarily resistant to heating.
  — Eric Berger, Ars Technica, 15 June 2020
• At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome.
  — Troy Farah, Scientific American, 30 Sep. 2021
• With the acquisition, GSK will get the experimental drug camlipixant, which is in a Phase 3 trial for refractory chronic cough.
  — Ed Silverman, STAT, 18 Apr. 2023
• Marinus Pharmaceuticals said an experimental treatment for refractory status epilepticus failed to meet early stopping criteria for a Phase 3 study.
  — Meghana Keshavan, STAT, 15 Apr. 2024
• Work is also progressing to explore bone marrow transplants as a novel pathway to treating debilitating conditions like refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  — Scientific American, 24 Mar. 2020

refractory

2 of 2 noun

• Most refractory alloys in service today were designed decades ago.
  — Vitor Rielli, The Conversation, 4 Mar. 2026
• These warm hundreds of tonnes of refractory bricks to temperatures up to 1,500 °C.
  — IEEE Spectrum, 30 Oct. 2025
• Ames Lab has shown that ductile refractory alloys can be designed through predictive modeling.
  — Aman Tripathi, Interesting Engineering, 10 May 2026
• Several key refractory metals are brittle at room temperature and cannot absorb those stresses without cracking.
  — Vitor Rielli, The Conversation, 4 Mar. 2026
• In practice, many refractory alloys crack, warp or develop internal defects when 3D-printed.
  — Vitor Rielli, The Conversation, 4 Mar. 2026
• As a refractory metal with a melting point above 3000 degrees Celsius, tungsten resists even extreme thermal stresses.
  — Prabhat Ranjan Mishra, Interesting Engineering, 4 Apr. 2026
• Ideally, engineers would use refractory metals like tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium.
  — Mrigakshi Dixit, Interesting Engineering, 10 Oct. 2025
• Smith worked at an industrial company called Carborundum, which produced refractory, heat-resistant concrete blocks.
  — Lizz Schumer, People.com, 28 Aug. 2025
• In tests, the approach improved mixing between a dense refractory high-entropy alloy and a lightweight titanium alloy, showing that laser path control can profoundly influence how alloys form during printing.
  — New Atlas, 6 July 2026
• This is, by far, the most common TES approach in industry, with most companies using legacy technologies like refractory bricks and molten salt to store heat in insulated shipping containers.
  — Erik Kobayashi-Solomon, Forbes.com, 7 Aug. 2025
• Reynolds cites the early-18th-century diary of William Byrd II, who read Homer in the morning and administered whippings to refractory slaves in the afternoon.
  — James Traub, The Atlantic, 28 June 2026
• However, many current refractory alloys are difficult or impossible to manufacture reliably using these techniques.
  — Vitor Rielli, The Conversation, 4 Mar. 2026
• Traditional manufacturing of refractory metals wastes up to 95% of the raw material through machining – removing unwanted material to create the precise shape – but 3D printing can bring that figure close to zero.
  — Vitor Rielli, The Conversation, 4 Mar. 2026
• Museum Rietberg’s own collection of nineteenth- and twentieth-century photographs taken in Asia and Africa are also interwoven throughout the exhibition — unadorned reference points that serve as nodes between which the artists’ refractory works resonate.
  — The Editors Of Artnews, ARTnews.com, 10 June 2026
• It was made by a senior clinician at the National Institutes of Health named Ranganath Muniyappa, who requested it on behalf of a patient with refractory obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the lungs.
  — Beth Mole, ArsTechnica, 23 June 2026
• The unidentified patient was granted access to the drug following diagnoses of refractory obesity with obstructive sleep apnea as well as pulmonary hypertension, a disease characterized by high blood pressure in the lungs, which can be life-threatening, according to The New Republic.
  — Charlotte Phillipp, PEOPLE, 25 June 2026
• Rondo uses the legacy technology of refractory bricks to store energy at temperatures up to 1,500°C and offers two standard battery configurations—one with 100MWh of capacity, the other with 300MWh.
  — Erik Kobayashi-Solomon, Forbes.com, 7 Aug. 2025