soil

1 of 4

verb (1)

ˈsȯi(-ə)l 

soiled; soiling; soils

transitive verb

1

: to stain or defile morally : corrupt

2

: to make unclean especially superficially : dirty

3

: to blacken or taint (something, such as a person's reputation) by word or deed

intransitive verb

: to become soiled or dirty

soil

2 of 4

noun (1)

1

a

: soilage, stain

protect a dress from soil

b

: moral defilement : corruption

2

: something that spoils or pollutes: such as

a

: refuse

b

: sewage

c

: dung, excrement

soil

3 of 4

noun (2)

1

: firm land : earth

2

a

: the upper layer of earth that may be dug or plowed and in which plants grow

b

: the superficial unconsolidated and usually weathered part of the mantle of a planet and especially of the earth

3

: country, land

our native soil

4

: the agricultural life or calling

5

: a medium in which something takes hold and develops

soil

4 of 4

verb (2)

soiled; soiling; soils

transitive verb

: to feed (livestock) in the barn or an enclosure with fresh grass or green food

also : to purge (livestock) by feeding on green food

Synonyms of soil

Verb (1)

• stain
• dirty
• muck
• blacken

Noun (1)

• dirt
• muck
• sewage
• sludge

Noun (2)

• dirt
• ground
• sand
• mud
• earth

Examples of soil in a Sentence

Verb (1)

oil and grease soiled the mechanic's shirt

Noun (1)

got some sort of soil on my white pants

the horse lifted its tail and deposited its soil on the grass

Noun (2)

bought rich soil to plant flowers in

happy to have soil under my feet after that long sea voyage

Recent Examples on the Web

Verb

And that composted banana peel is likely more beneficial to soil as a physical component of soil than as a nutrition source. —Paul Cappiello, Louisville Courier Journal, 12 Dec. 2025

Rooting cuttings in water involves less care at the onset, but then requires transplanting cuttings to soil. —Lauren Landers, Better Homes & Gardens, 8 Dec. 2025

Noun

The Ukrainian army entered Russia’s Kursk region on August 6, capturing dozens of settlements in the biggest offensive by a foreign army on Russian soil since World War II. —Chloe Taylor,holly Ellyatt, CNBC, 16 Dec. 2025

In a spot with well-draining soil, dig a hole that's twice as wide and about as deep as your hydrangea's nursery pot; amend with compost for a nutritional boost and cover soil with mulch to retain water. —Sheryl Geerts, Better Homes & Gardens, 15 Dec. 2025

Word History

Etymology

Verb (1)

Middle English, from Anglo-French soiller, suiller, from Old French soil wallow of a wild boar, abyss, from Latin solium chair, bathtub; akin to Latin sedēre to sit — more at sit

Noun (2)

Middle English, from Anglo-French, soil, piece of land, from Vulgar Latin *solium, alteration of Latin solea sole, sandal, foundation timber — more at sole

Verb (2)

origin unknown

First Known Use

Verb (1)

13th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1

Noun (1)

1501, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Noun (2)

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Verb (2)

1605, in the meaning defined above

Phrases Containing soil

• desert soil
• fertile soil
• free soil
• native soil
• night soil
• potting soil
• prairie soil
• red soil
• soil one's hands
• soil pipe
• soil science
• soil series
• the soil

Rhymes for soil

• boil
• broil
• coil
• foil
• oil
• roil
• spoil
• toil
• voile
• aerofoil
• cinquefoil
• hydrofoil

Kids Definition

soil

1 of 3 verb

ˈsȯi(ə)l 

: to make or become dirty

soil

2 of 3 noun

1

a

: soilage, stain

b

: moral soilage : corruption

2

: something that soils or pollutes

soil

3 of 3 noun

1

: firm land : earth

2

: the loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow

3

: country entry 1 sense 2b, land

4

: an environment in which something may take root and grow

slums are fertile soil for crime

Etymology

Verb

Middle English soilen "to corrupt, make dirty," from early French soiller "to wallow," from soil "pigsty"

Noun

Middle English soil "earth," from early French soil (same meaning), derived from Latin solea "sole, sandal, foundation timber"