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The English word leitmotif (or leitmotiv, as it is also spelled) comes from the German Leitmotiv, meaning "leading motive," and is formed from the verb leiten ("to lead") and the noun Motiv ("motive"). In its original sense, the word applies to opera music; it was first used by writers interpreting the works of composer Richard Wagner, who was famous for associating a melody with a character or important dramatic element. Leitmotif is still commonly used with reference to music and musical drama but it is now also used more broadly to refer to any recurring theme in the arts or in everyday life.

What exactly is a motif? And how is it different from a leitmotif?

In works of art, a motif is an important and noticeable element or feature that typically appears throughout the work. It can relate to the theme, or it can be the dominant or central idea itself. Concepts like betrayal and forgiveness can be motifs, for example, but so can particular images and sounds, such as trees or bells. Motif is also commonly applied in design, where it typically refers to a single or repeated pattern or color. A piece of fabric might have a floral motif; a room may have a black and white motif.

Motif can also appear in scientific contexts, especially in biochemistry, where it refers to a distinctive molecular sequence or structural element that is usually recurrent.

Leitmotif (also and formerly more commonly spelled leitmotiv) has its origins in opera, and is especially associated with Wagnerian opera. The word is from the German words leit and Motif, which translate respectively as "leading" and "motive." In opera, a leitmotif is a recurring melody that accompanies the reappearance of an idea, person, or situation. The term is now applied in other kinds of music, sometimes with a meaning very close to the original: "The Imperial March" that is heard in the Star Wars film franchise whenever Darth Vader appears on screen, for example, is a modern example of leitmotif.

Leitmotif also has extended use that treads the same territory as motif. It's not a common word, but when it is applied it often refers to a dominant recurring theme, as when an image consistently used in an artist's works is described as a leitmotif. Note that some people object when leitmotif is modified by a word like main or dominant, on the grounds that since German leit means "leading" the phrase is redundant. English speakers using leitmotif in English, however, may choose to ignore the objection since leit does not mean "leading" in English.

Examples of leitmotif in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web All over a tuna salad which keeps reappearing as a leitmotif. — Roy Trakin, Variety, 11 June 2022 Googly eyes are a central leitmotif of the film, for unknown reasons. — Michael O'sullivan, Anchorage Daily News, 7 Apr. 2022 Of course, red is Rothko’s leitmotif and both works, arresting in scale, exemplify the artist’s torrid love affair with the color. — Ian Malone, Vogue, 11 May 2022 The indie-folk singer-songwriter has used places as a leitmotif throughout his music, and his fascination with them is evident. — Grant Sharples, SPIN, 9 May 2022 Crime fiction author Andrew Vachss included her as a musical leitmotif in a series of novels. — Jem Aswad, Variety, 2 May 2022 Prosthetics — human inventions that make human boundaries indistinct — are a related leitmotif. — New York Times, 30 Apr. 2022 Googly eyes are a central leitmotif of the film, for unknown reasons. — Michael O'sullivan, Anchorage Daily News, 7 Apr. 2022 Googly eyes are a central leitmotif of the film, for unknown reasons. — Michael O'sullivan, Anchorage Daily News, 7 Apr. 2022 See More

These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'leitmotif.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.