exacerbate

verb

ex·ac·er·bate ig-ˈza-sər-ˌbāt

exacerbated; exacerbating

Synonyms of exacerbate next

transitive verb

: to make more violent, bitter, or severe

The new law only exacerbates the problem.

exacerbation

ig-ˌza-sər-ˈbā-shən

noun

Did you know?

The Latin adjective acer, meaning "sharp," forms the basis of a number of English words. Acerbic ("having a bitter temper or sour mood"), acrid ("having a sharp taste or odor"), and acrimony ("a harsh manner or disposition") are just the tip of the jagged iceberg. First appearing in English in the 17th century, exacerbate combines the Latin prefix ex- ("out of" or "outside") with acer offspring acerbus, meaning "harsh" or "bitter." Just as pouring salt in a wound worsens pain, things that exacerbate cause a situation to go from bad to worse. A pointed insult or cutting remark, for example, might exacerbate tensions between two bitter rivals. The legacy of acer isn't all negative, however. The Latin name for the genus of maple trees and shrubs is Acer, owing to maples’ characteristically pointy leaves.

Did you know?

Exacerbate vs. Exasperate

Exacerbate is frequently confused with exasperate, and with good reason. Not only do these words resemble one another in spelling and pronunciation, they also at one time held exceedingly similar meanings. Exasperate is today most commonly used as a synonym of annoy, but for several hundred years it also had the meanings “to make more grievous” and “to make harsh or harsher.” Exacerbate is now the more common choice of these two words when one seeks to indicate that something is becoming increasingly bitter, violent, or unpleasant. It comes in part from the Latin word acer, meaning “sharp,” whereas exasperate is from asper, the Latin word for “rough.”

Examples of exacerbate in a Sentence

The declining retirement security faced by growing numbers of Americans is being exacerbated by increasing longevity and quickly rising health care costs. —

Jeff Madrick, New York Review of Books, 20 Mar. 2008

… the sway that pack journalism holds on the Beltway press corps persists. The Crowd is never so influential as in the ever-lengthening season of presidential campaigns. The feverish obsessions of the blogosphere have only exacerbated the phenomenon: Now the herd just turns faster in pursuit of some ginned-up "controversy" or faux scandal. —

Editor & Publisher, April 2007

The proposed factory shutdown would only exacerbate our unemployment problems. His angry comments have exacerbated tensions in the negotiation process.

Recent Examples on the Web Climate change exacerbates these storms’ impact because a warmer atmosphere can hold and transport a larger amount of water vapor. —

Evan Bush, NBC News, 25 Sep. 2023 And the unavailability of solar at night exacerbates shortfalls in countries including India. —

Sudarshan Varadhan and Ashley Fang, The Christian Science Monitor, 22 Sep. 2023 Now, some older customers are still staying away, exacerbating a foot traffic problem faced by restaurant chains. —

Danielle Wiener-Bronner, CNN, 21 Sep. 2023 The Maui wildfires were exacerbated by winds from Hurricane Dora and are believed to have killed 97 people. —

Delger Erdenesanaa, New York Times, 21 Sep. 2023 For now, schools without AC are resorting to short-term fixes that cause kids to lose valuable learning time—often in ways that exacerbate inequalities. —

WIRED, 15 Sep. 2023 Almost one in five members of the military are female, so abandoning efforts to recruit women would likely exacerbate existing manpower shortfalls. —

Brynn Tannehill, The New Republic, 14 Sep. 2023 Wet and tight styles can exacerbate these issues and cause other forms of damage and irritation, Reavy adds. —

Megan Decker, refinery29.com, 14 Sep. 2023 The moon’s clash with volatile Pluto exacerbates an ongoing power struggle. —

USA TODAY, 10 Sep. 2023 See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'exacerbate.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Latin exacerbātus, past participle of exacerbāre "to irritate, exasperate, make worse," from ex- ex- entry 1 + acerbāre "to make bitter, make worse," verbal derivative of acerbus "acid, bitter, bitterly hostile, distressing" — more at acerb

First Known Use

1660, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler

The first known use of exacerbate was in 1660

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