epidemic

1 of 2

adjective

ep·​i·​dem·​ic ˌe-pə-ˈde-mik How to pronounce epidemic (audio)
1
: affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time
typhoid was epidemic
2
a
: excessively prevalent
b
: contagious sense 4
epidemic laughter
3
: characterized by very widespread growth or extent : of, relating to, or constituting an epidemic
the practice had reached epidemic proportions
epidemical adjective
epidemically adverb
epidemicity noun

epidemic

2 of 2

noun

1
: an outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time : an outbreak of epidemic disease
2
: an outbreak or product of sudden rapid spread, growth, or development
an epidemic of bankruptcies
Usage of Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic

This trio of terms describes various degrees of an infectious disease's spread. The process begins with an outbreak—a sudden rise in the presence of a disease. An outbreak that can't be stopped or slowed, and in which the disease is spreading rapidly to many people within a localized community or region (such as a single country), is called an epidemic. The word pandemic refers to an epidemic that has gone international: the disease, once localized in scope, now starts to appear in other countries and even on other continents, typically infecting a large number of people in a short amount of time. A pandemic often has significant economic and social ramifications due to its global impact. If a disease lingers for a long time as an epidemic or a pandemic, it may eventually become endemic to an area. The word endemic describes a disease that persists at a consistent level within a region with fairly predictable rates of infection and spread, making it easier to prevent future outbreaks. Epidemic, pandemic, and endemic all share the Greek root dêmos, meaning "district, country, people."

Examples of epidemic in a Sentence

Adjective Overuse injuries—particularly in the elbows and shoulders of young pitchers—are indeed becoming epidemic. Orthopedists often blame coaches and parents for failing to monitor how many pitches kids are throwing and for not giving them time to rest their arms. Sara Corbett, New York Times Sports Magazine, June 2006
The dream of running off to live the good life in a postcard perfect town in the mountains or by the sea often reaches epidemic proportions near the end of summer. John Rasmus, National Geographic, September 2004
Saturday Night Fever propelled disco fever to epidemic proportions: By 1978, 40 percent of all the music on Billboard's Hot 100 was disco. Peter Braunstein, American Heritage, November 1999
the little girl's giggles were epidemic, and soon the entire gathering was laughing Noun Cosmetic surgery is now so prevalent that it could qualify as a national epidemic. Toni Bentley, New York Times Book Review, 22 Oct. 2006
"Spim," as people are beginning to call unsolicited instant messages, is the latest installment in the growing epidemic of unwanted electronic ads and a further sign that unscrupulous online marketers will seek to take advantage of all of the Internet's communication tools, not limiting themselves to spam or pop-up ads. David McGuire, WashingtonPost.com, 13 Nov. 2003
Whatever might have motivated Kennedy to put [Ian] Fleming on his list, from that point, Bond became an international obsession. When the first Bond film appeared in 1962—Dr. No—the obsession was a full-blown craze, a cultural epidemic. Gerald Early, New Letters, 1999
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
The number of colleges cutting back programs, merging and closing has reached epidemic proportions. Scott White, Forbes, 20 Sep. 2024 Many of the province’s early cases of COVID-19 were linked to pilgrims who had been in Iran, the world’s leading Shiite power and an early epidemic hot spot, as well as a regional antagonist to Riyadh. Geneive Abdo, Foreign Affairs, 13 Aug. 2020
Noun
In a video interview, edited here for length and clarity, Connelly and Ellwood discussed the effect of the Wonderland case on Hollywood, its connection to the crack epidemic, the cat-and-mouse interactions with Thorson and whether there’s a possibility of reopening the case. Greg Braxton, Los Angeles Times, 29 Sep. 2024 Many communities and countries are in the grips of the growing loneliness epidemic and a range of different mental health crises. Bruce Y. Lee, Forbes, 28 Sep. 2024 See all Example Sentences for epidemic 

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'epidemic.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

borrowed from French épidémique, going back to Middle French, from epidemie "disease affecting a large number of individuals" + -ique -ic entry 1; Middle French epidemie, earlier epydimie, borrowed from Medieval Latin epidēmia, derivative (from feminine singular or neuter plural) of Late Latin epidēmius "widespread, prevalent (of a disease)," borrowed from Greek epidḗmios "within the country, among the people, prevalent (of a disease)," from epi- epi- + -dēmios, adjective derivative of dêmos "district, country, people" — more at demo-

Note: The notion that the word epidemic (adjective or noun) is owed directly to Hippocrates—or is, to put it more circumspectly, part of the Hippocratic Corpus—is somewhat illusory, a product of the words used in English translations. For example, in W. H. S. Jones' translation of De aere aquis et locis (Loeb Classical Library, 1923), the following passage (4.32-34) implies a distinction between "endemic" and "epidemic": "For men these diseases are endemic, besides there are epidemic diseases which may prevail through the change of the seasons." In the Greek text, however, "endemic diseases" are nosḗmata epichōría "illnesses of the country, native illnesses," while "epidemic diseases" translates ti pánkoinon, literally, "something common," i.e., "common or general diseases." Derivatives based on epi- and dêmos can be found in the Hippocratic texts (e.g., "Kaì gàr állōs tò nósēma epídēmon ên," Epidemics 1.14; "Tà mèn epidēmḗsanta nosḗmata taûta," Epidemics 3.3), though epídēmon means simply "common, prevalent," and epidēmḗsanta "having become prevalent." The title Epidḗmia, conventionally translated "Epidemics," for the works in the Hippocratic Corpus dealing with seasonal diseases and case histories, is presumably post-classical.

Noun

noun derivative of epidemic entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

1603, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Noun

1630, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of epidemic was in 1603

Dictionary Entries Near epidemic

Cite this Entry

“Epidemic.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epidemic. Accessed 14 Oct. 2024.

Kids Definition

epidemic

1 of 2 adjective
ep·​i·​dem·​ic ˌep-ə-ˈdem-ik How to pronounce epidemic (audio)
: spreading widely and affecting many individuals at one time

epidemic

2 of 2 noun
1
: an outbreak of epidemic disease
2
: a sudden rapidly spreading outbreak or growth
a crime epidemic
Etymology

Adjective

derived from Greek epidēmia "an epidemic, visit," from epidēmos "visiting, epidemic," from epi- "on, at" and dēmos "people, the masses" — related to democracy

Medical Definition

epidemic

1 of 2 adjective
ep·​i·​dem·​ic ˌep-ə-ˈdem-ik How to pronounce epidemic (audio)
variants also epidemical
1
: affecting or tending to affect an atypically large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time
typhoid was epidemic
compare endemic, sporadic sense 1
2
: of, relating to, or constituting an epidemic
coronary disease … has hit epidemic proportionsHerbert Ratner
epidemically adverb

epidemic

2 of 2 noun
1
: an outbreak of epidemic disease
2
: a natural population (as of insects) suddenly and greatly enlarged

More from Merriam-Webster on epidemic

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