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Head scarves were banned in public buildings; the state selected the country’s clergy, or ulema, and closely monitored their sermons for the slightest expression of religiosity; prayer beads or facial hair were viewed with suspicion.—New York Times, 12 May 2022 The conservative ulema felt that these philosophers were inappropriately influenced by Greek philosophy and Shia Islam against Sunni beliefs.—Ahmet T. Kuru, The Conversation, 20 Feb. 2020 Jokowi said the conference was part of Indonesia's efforts to encourage the role of Islamic clerics, or ulema, in promoting peace in Afghanistan.—Fox News, 11 May 2018 The ulema’s aim in doing so was to prevent chaos in the yet fledgling Arab Muslim community.—Mohammed Ayoob, Foreign Affairs, 3 Apr. 2016
Word History
Etymology
Arabic, Turkish, & Persian; Turkish & Persian ʽulemā, from Arabic ʽulamā
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