longitudinal

adjective

lon·​gi·​tu·​di·​nal ˌlän-jə-ˈtüd-nəl 

-ˈtyüd-, 

-ˈt(y)ü-dᵊn-əl

British also ˌläŋ-gə-

1

: placed or running lengthwise

The insect's back is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.

2

: of or relating to length or the lengthwise dimension

the longitudinal extent of the building

3

: involving the repeated observation or examination of a set of subjects over time with respect to one or more study variables

a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders over a period of five years

longitudinally adverb

Examples of longitudinal in a Sentence

The insect's body is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.

calculating the longitudinal position of a ship

a longitudinal study of career aspirations among girls from 5 to 17

Recent Examples on the Web

That gives us longitudinal data about the evolution and progression of these diseases. — Emily Forlini, Fortune, 3 Aug. 2026

Many healthcare systems still lack the kind of longitudinal, continuous data needed to fully understand how health evolves. — Guy Leitersdorf, Forbes.com, 31 July 2026

But the new Bürstner Habiton X gives you an agile Sprinter 144 on the trail and your own personal longitudinal bed at camp. — New Atlas, 21 July 2026

Advertisement In a large longitudinal study published in the European Heart Journal, people with higher blood levels of troponin I, a protein released when the heart experiences damage, were more likely to develop dementia later on. — Kathleen Felton, Time, 21 July 2026

Word History

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Phrases Containing longitudinal

• longitudinal wave

Rhymes for longitudinal

• altitudinal
• attitudinal
• latitudinal

Kids Definition

longitudinal

adjective

lon·​gi·​tu·​di·​nal ˌlän-jə-ˈt(y)üd-nəl 

-ᵊn-əl

1

: of or relating to length

2

: placed or running lengthwise

longitudinally

-ē

adverb

Medical Definition

longitudinal

adjective

lon·​gi·​tu·​di·​nal

ˌlän-jə-ˈt(y)üd-ᵊn-əl, -nəl, British also ˌläŋ-gə-ˈtyüd-

1

: of, relating to, or occurring in the lengthwise dimension

a longitudinal bone fracture

2

: extending along or relating to the anteroposterior axis of a body or part

a trypanosome which reproduces by longitudinal fission

3

: involving the repeated observation or examination of a set of subjects over time with respect to one or more study variables (as general health, the state of a disease, or mortality)

a longitudinal study of heart transplant recipients over a five-year period

longitudinally

-ē 

adverb