History and Etymology for echinus

Middle English, "sea urchin," borrowed from Latin echīnus "sea urchin, molding in a Doric capital," borrowed from Greek echînos "hedgehog, sea urchin," going back to Indo-European *h₁eǵ^hi-Hno- "hedgehog," whence, with o-ablaut, Armenian ozni (< *h₁oǵ^hi-Hn-(i)i̯eh₂-); with a change of suffix, Germanic *egila-, whence Old English igil, īl "hedgehog," Old Saxon igil, Middle Dutch eghel, Old High German igil, Old Icelandic igull, ígull "sea urchin"; from a base *h₁eǵ^hi-i̯o-, Russian jëž, genitive ježá "hedgehog," Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian jêž, genitive jéža, Lithuanian ežy͂s

Note: Addtionally, Ossetic has wyzyn (Iron dialect), uzun (Digor) "hedgehog," from Iranian *aźina-, per R. Lühr et al., Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Band 5, p. 25/26, who also point out that the vowel alternation of the Greek and Armenian words suggests an original acrostatic paradigm (though the secondary derivation from a direct rather than oblique form in Armenian would be exceptional) . The hedgehog etymon has long been seen as a derivative of appurtenance from a word meaning "snake," the hedgehog supposedly being the "snake animal" or the "snake-killer." Whether this association is actually rooted in the behavior of hedgehogs or simply folkloric is a matter of debate; see discussion in J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (Chicago, 1997), pp. 264-65. The base of *h₁eǵ^hi-Hno- would appear to be evident in the Greek i-stem échis "viper," if it goes back to *h₁eǵ^hi-. The problem, however, is that this word is apparently not matched elsewhere in Indo-European. M. Weiss has proposed that Greek échis and óphis "snake" (see ophidian) could represent oblique and direct forms of an acrostatic noun if it is assumed that the ch of échis "is the result of delabialization before i̯ that arose when the zero-grade suffix occurred before a case form beginning with a vowel" (Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor, 2020, p. 277). However, this would rule out any connection between échis and the hedgehog etymon, which must have a palatovelar rather than a labiovelar.

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