disability

noun

dis·​abil·​i·​ty ˌdis-ə-ˈbi-lə-tē 

1

: a physical, mental, cognitive, or developmental condition that impairs, interferes with, or limits a person's ability to engage in certain tasks or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions

Scientists have tentatively linked the reading disability known as dyslexia to a bevy of brain disturbances.

—Science News

How, with his severe disability, has Hawking been able to out-think and out-intuit his leading colleague-competitors …

—Kip S. Thorne

Yet one ends up admiring him for his devotion to the disability that could have unmade his career as an actor. It is through his deafness that we hear his story.

—Lennard J. Davis

also : impaired function or ability

Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and strength that normally occurs with aging, and it's a major cause of frailty and disability in the elderly.

—Andrew Weil

Thrombolytic therapy has been used in patients with acute ischemic stroke to restore cerebral blood flow, reduce ischemia, and limit neurologic disability.

—Werner Hacke

see also intellectual disability, learning disability

2

a(1)

: an impairment (such as a chronic medical condition or injury) that prevents someone from engaging in gainful employment

… monthly payment to which a worker is entitled upon retirement or disability under the federal social security system …

—Robert I. Mehr

(2)

: an impairment (such as spina bifida) that results in serious functional limitations for a minor

b

: a program providing financial support to a person affected by disability

… those who fit the criteria for dysthymia were more likely to have physical and emotional problems and more likely to be on Medicaid or Social Security disability than those with acute depression.

—Melinda Beck

also : the financial support provided by such a program

… he collects disability on account of his exposure to Agent Orange during his years as an Army MP in Vietnam.

—Jason Fagone

3

: a disqualification, restriction, or disadvantage

economic disabilities

4

: lack of legal qualification to do something

… Defoe … dramatised the gravity of the problem in the morally desperate expedient which Roxana is forced to adopt to overcome the legal disabilities of women.

—Ian Watt

Examples of disability in a Sentence

She has learned to keep a positive attitude about her disability.

disabilities such as blindness and deafness

a program for children with disabilities

It's a serious disease that can cause disability or death.

After he injured his back he had to quit his job and go on disability.

Recent Examples on the Web

During the October 2013 shutdown, VA officials warned that disability payments might be stalled if the closure lasted beyond several weeks. —Melissa Quinn, Kathryn Watson, Caitlin Yilek, CBS News, 22 Sep. 2023

That means some of the workers most affected by a lack of work are the lowest paid — such as those starting out or those with inconsistent work due to disabilities or other life circumstances. —Helen Li, Los Angeles Times, 22 Sep. 2023

From there, the EEOC will determine if there is a reasonable chance that ByteDance violated the country’s laws barring discrimination against people on the basis of race or disability status, said Peter Romer-Friedman, the lawyer representing Carter and Matima. —Naomi Nix, Washington Post, 21 Sep. 2023

In the representation of disability category, nominees include Canadian drama About Antoine from Club illico and TVA; OCS’ French series Aspergirl and the Moviestar Plus+ Spanish drama Simple. —Scott Roxborough, The Hollywood Reporter, 21 Sep. 2023

The Eye Gaze feature allows folks with mobility issues and speech disabilities to use Alexa with their eyes. —WIRED, 20 Sep. 2023

With tens of thousands of units, Massachusetts public housing is a linchpin of the social safety net for seniors, people with disabilities and families with limited resources. —Todd Wallack, ProPublica, 19 Sep. 2023

Patrick is living proof that disability can happen to anyone at any time. —Sophie Morgan, Condé Nast Traveler, 19 Sep. 2023

Most are on disability, and many cannot afford to repay the government, Smalligan said. —David Hilzenrath and, ajc, 19 Sep. 2023

See More

Word History

Etymology

dis- + ability, after disable

First Known Use

1545, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Phrases Containing disability

• learning disability
• intellectual disability
• developmental disability

• learning disability
• intellectual disability
• developmental disability

Kids Definition

disability

noun

dis·​abil·​i·​ty ˌdis-ə-ˈbil-ət-ē 

plural disabilities

1

: the condition of being disabled : lack of ability, power, or fitness to do something

2

: something that disables (as a physical injury)

Medical Definition

disability

noun

dis·​abil·​i·​ty ˌdis-ə-ˈbil-ət-ē 

plural disabilities

1

: a physical, mental, cognitive, or developmental condition that impairs, interferes with, or limits a person's ability to engage in certain tasks or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions

Scientists have tentatively linked the reading disability known as dyslexia to a bevy of brain disturbances.

—Science News

How, with his severe disability, has Hawking been able to out-think and out-intuit his leading colleague-competitors …

—Kip S. Thorne

also : impaired function or ability

Thrombolytic therapy has been used in patients with acute ischemic stroke to restore cerebral blood flow, reduce ischemia, and limit neurologic disability.

—Werner Hacke

see also intellectual disability, learning disability

2

a(1)

: an impairment (as a chronic medical condition or injury) that prevents someone from engaging in gainful employment

(2)

: an impairment (as spina bifida) that results in serious functional limitations for a minor

b

: a program providing financial support to a person affected by disability

Legal Definition

disability

noun

dis·​abil·​i·​ty

plural disabilities

1

: inability to pursue an occupation because of a physical or mental impairment

specifically : inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity because of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or to be of long continued or indefinite duration in accordance with the Social Security Act see also benefit, Americans with Disabilities Act compare incapacity, occupational disease

2

: lack of legal qualification to do something

a minor's disability