Definition of craniology
: the comparative study of the size, shape, and proportions of skulls
Note: Formerly, and especially from the 19th to mid-20th century, craniology was often linked to the notion that differences in human skull sizes were correlated with differences in intelligence, and was used to support the erroneous belief in the superiority or inferiority of different racial groups.
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Merriam-Webster unabridged
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Time Traveler for craniology
The first known use of craniology was in 1863
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