The tunnel will traverse multiple difficult subsoil layers: a surface of historical and active landfill materials, including spoil from London tunneling projects and decades-old power station fly ash, a thick layer of alluvium composed of silts, clays, and peat, and, finally, highly variable chalk.
—
Theo Burman,
MSNBC Newsweek,
6 July 2025
At some point, alluvium buried the entire tusk, possibly from major storm flooding.
These rivers shaped the story of California — a sense of place — from the native peoples shaped by these rivers to the men who extracted riches from the silt.
—
Sacramento Bee staff,
Sacbee.com,
8 Jan. 2026
This stretch of the Great Hungarian Plain was once the nation’s breadbasket, a lush expanse of silt and soil regularly replenished by the flooding of the Danube and Tisza rivers.
Mazzei explains that Il Caggio features a combination of factors ideal for Sangiovese, including altitudes between 1,050 and 1,150 feet, which ensure balanced ripening, and deep and well-drained clay, schist, and calcareous marl soils dotted with a type of sandstone that imparts intense minerality.
—
Mike DeSimone,
Robb Report,
14 Dec. 2025
In Friuli Venezia Giulia, the soils are rich in marl and sandstone, locally referred to as ponca.
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