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Hydrogen can also form by radiolysis, when radiation released by old granite breaks water down into hydrogen over a long period of time.—Jimmy Lovrien, Twin Cities, 17 Dec. 2025 The first of method is radiolysis, which involves pre-splitting the water molecules by bombarding them with alpha, beta, and gamma particles.—New Atlas, 14 Nov. 2025 This process, called radiolysis, releases electrons that can then power an organism’s biochemistry—that is, its metabolism.—Emma R. Hasson, Scientific American, 17 Aug. 2025 Since liquid water likely exists underneath the surface of
Using computer simulations to calculate the energy deposition and electron production rates of radiolysis, the researchers found that metabolic activity could be sustained at certain depths of all three bodies.—Jack Knudson, Discover Magazine, 29 July 2025 This can happen as a result of a chemical reaction between water and iron-rich rocks, or by radiolysis, the splitting of water molecules by radiation into hydrogen and oxygen.—Marta Abbà, WIRED, 20 Aug. 2024