Definition of oligopsony
: a market situation in which each of a few buyers exerts a disproportionate influence on the market
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Did You Know?
You're probably familiar with the word monopoly, but you may not recognize its conceptual and linguistic relative, the much rarer "oligopsony." Both "monopoly" and "oligopsony" are ultimately from Greek, although "monopoly" passed through Latin before being adopted into English. "Monopoly" comes from the Greek prefix "mono-" (which means "one") and "pōlein" ("to sell"). Oligopsony derives from the combining form "olig-" ("few") and the Greek noun "opsōnia" ("the purchase of victuals"), which is ultimately from the combination of "opson ("food") and "ōneisthai" ("to buy"). It makes sense, then, that "oligopsony" refers to a "buyers' market" in which the seller is subjected to the potential demands of a limited pool of buyers. Another related word is "monopsony," used for a more extreme oligopsony in which there is only a single buyer.
Origin and Etymology of oligopsony
olig- + Greek opsōnia purchase of victuals, from opsōnein to purchase victuals, from opson food + ōneisthai to buy — more at venal
Financial Definition of OLIGOPSONY
oligopsony
What It Is
An oligopsony is a market in which only a few buyers purchase all of an industry's output.
How It Works
Let's assume that Company XYZ, Company ABC and Company 123 buy 95% of the country's carrots. If Company XYZ lowers the price it will pay for carrots, producers may choose to sell to Company ABC and Company 123 instead. But if Company ABC and Company 123 instead decide to follow Company XYZ's lead and pay less, the three companies can essentially control almost the entire carrot market through their power to maintain market stability and pay lower prices.
Why It Matters
As you can see, buyers exert tremendous power over sellers in an oligopsony because producers have so few customers. Buyers in an oligopsony are keenly interested in what the other buyers do next -- they are torn between increasing profits and trying to gain competitive advantage. In turn, they can drive down prices.
Source: Investing Answers
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