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The following 3 entries include the term arteriosus.
conus arteriosus
noun: a conical prolongation of the right ventricle in mammals from which the pulmonary arteries emerge
ductus arteriosus
noun: a short broad vessel in the fetus that connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta and conducts most of the blood directly from the right ventricle to the aorta bypassing the lungs
bulbus arteriosus
noun: the dilated part of the aorta just in front of the heart from which the aortic arches arise in vertebrate embryos and in the adult of many lower vertebrates