1: an act or result of turning over :upset 2: a turning from one side, place, or direction to its opposite :shift, reversal 3: a reorganization with a view to a shift in personnel :shake-up 4: something that is turned over 5: a filled pastry made by folding half of the crust over the other half 6: the amount of business done; especially: the volume of shares traded on a stock exchange 7 a: movement (as of goods or people) into, through, and out of a place b (1): a cycle of purchase, sale, and replacement of a stock of goods (2): the ratio of sales for a stated period to average inventory (3): the amount received in sales for a stated period c: the number of persons hired within a period to replace those leaving or dropped from a workforce; also: the ratio of this number to the number in the average force maintained 8: the continuous process of loss and replacement of a constituent (as a cell or tissue) of a living system 9: the act or an instance of a team's losing possession of a ball through error or a minor violation of the rules (as in basketball or football)