restive

adjective

res·​tive ˈre-stiv 

1

: stubbornly resisting control : balky

2

: marked by impatience or uneasiness : fidgety

restively adverb

restiveness noun

Did you know?

Restive is descended from the Anglo-French verb rester, meaning "to stop, resist, or remain." Its initial meaning in the 15th century was "stubbornly resisting control or guidance; obstinate in refusal," and for some time the word was primarily applied to animals such as horses. Over the next few centuries, restive gained additional, closely related meanings (such as "inflexible," "sluggish," and "persistent") and the word often described people as well as animals. In the 19th century this semantic drift extended to encompass the meaning "marked by impatience or uneasiness." Although the original "balky" sense of restive hasn't died out completely, it is overshadowed by this more recent "fidgety or impatient" one. Some usage guides still recommend against using restive in this modern sense, despite well over a century and a half of skilled writers employing it. If you're among the restive (earlier meaning) ones who balk at new meanings of words, we apologize if this news makes you feel restive (newer one).

Synonyms

• rebellious
• rebel
• defiant
• stubborn

Choose the Right Synonym for restive

contrary, perverse, restive, balky, wayward mean inclined to resist authority or control.

contrary implies a temperamental unwillingness to accept orders or advice.

a contrary child

perverse may imply wrongheaded, determined, or cranky opposition to what is reasonable or normal.

a perverse, intractable critic

restive suggests unwillingness or inability to submit to discipline or follow orders.

tired soldiers growing restive

balky suggests a refusing to proceed in a desired direction or course of action.

a balky witness

wayward suggests strong-willed capriciousness and irregularity in behavior.

a school for wayward youths

Examples of restive in a Sentence

the restive horse threw its head and refused to move when the rider urged it forward

spent a restive night worrying about the next day's exam

Recent Examples on the Web

Arab governments that for decades have been fierce advocates for the Palestinian cause are now facing criticism for their timid response to the extreme suffering in Gaza caused by Israel's war, risking a dangerous rift with their increasingly restive citizens. —Mo Abbas, NBC news, 13 Aug. 2025

Advertisement Advertisement The Trump Administration brokered a cease-fire between Israel and Syria, U.S. envoy to Syria Tom Barrack said on Friday, but some within the Administration have grown restive over Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s recalcitrance, Axios reported on Sunday. —Miranda Jeyaretnam, Time, 22 July 2025

The event threatened to inflame tensions that are rife in the restive city amid nearly 600 days of war in Gaza. —Wafaa Shurafa, Chicago Tribune, 26 May 2025

And even if Xi succeeded on the battlefield, the cost might be high: China could become an international pariah, its economy sapped by sanctions, and its security forces saddled with a new, taxing mission of maintaining control of a restive Taiwan. —Tyler Jost, Foreign Affairs, 4 Aug. 2025

Word History

Etymology

Middle English restyf, from Anglo-French restif, from rester to stop, resist, remain

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Rhymes for restive

• festive
• congestive
• digestive
• suggestive

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Kids Definition

restive

adjective

res·​tive ˈres-tiv 

1

: stubbornly fighting control : balky

a restive horse

2

: showing impatience or uneasiness : fidgety

the crowd grew restive

restively adverb

restiveness noun