bacteria

noun

bac·​te·​ria bak-ˈtir-ē-ə How to pronounce bacteria (audio)

plural of bacterium

diseases caused by bacteria
Overprescribing antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Maanvi Singh

Note: Microscopic single-celled organisms lacking a distinct nucleus are known as bacteria. They may be shaped like spheres, rods, or spirals. They inhabit virtually all environments, including soil, water, organic matter, and the bodies of animals. Many bacteria swim by means of long whiplike structures called flagella. The DNA of most bacteria is found in a single, circular chromosome, and is distributed throughout the cytoplasm rather than contained within a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Though some bacteria can cause food poisoning and infectious diseases in humans, most are harmless and many are beneficial. They are used in various industrial processes, especially in the food industry (for example, in the production of yogurt, cheeses, and pickles).

Is bacteria singular or plural?: Usage Guide

In its established and uncontroversial uses, bacteria is the plural of bacterium.

… many of the bacteria isolated from these deep environments are anaerobic … Stephen Jay Gould

In speech and in some, typically nontechnical, journalistic writing, it also occurs in a singular sense, synonymous with bacterium.

Lyme disease is a potentially serious arthritis-like ailment caused by a bacteria borne by certain tiny ticks. The Wall Street Journal
… this bacteria is closely associated with poor health and, in old people, frailty … Leah Hardy

Although the singular use of bacteria is often identified as an error to be avoided, it is common in published writing. The plural form bacterias is also seen but is relatively rare.

The bacteria seems to prefer living in water and is more resistant to chlorine and elevated water temperatures than other bacterias. Allan Bruckheim

Examples of bacteria in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
This rechargeable option has three different brushing settings (clean, white, and gum care) that use 62,000 brush movements per minute to intensively brush away plaque and cavity-causing bacteria. Annie Blackman, Allure, 2 Dec. 2024 The swab will be tested for bacteria and viruses, including STIs. Jennifer Welsh Published, Verywell Health, 2 Dec. 2024 This reusable steel filter straw removes bacteria, parasites, and microplastics from water. Joni Sweet, Forbes, 1 Dec. 2024 Contaminants: Be sure to wash sweet potatoes thoroughly to remove any bacteria, dirt, or pesticide residues. Katie Rosenhouse, Southern Living, 29 Nov. 2024 See all Example Sentences for bacteria 

Word History

Etymology

plural of bacterium

First Known Use

1864, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of bacteria was in 1864

Dictionary Entries Near bacteria

Cite this Entry

“Bacteria.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bacteria. Accessed 7 Dec. 2024.

Kids Definition

bacteria

plural of bacterium

Medical Definition

bacteria

1 of 2

plural of bacterium

bacteria

2 of 2 noun
bac·​te·​ria bak-ˈtir-ē-ə How to pronounce bacteria (audio)
1
: bacterium
not usually used technically
caused by a bacteria borne by certain tiny ticksWall Street Journal
a single bacteria—there are roughly 200 in each cough—apparently can infect a personCheryl Clark
2
plural capitalized : a domain in the system of classification dividing all organisms into three major domains of life that includes the prokaryotes that are bacteria but not those that are archaebacteria or archaea compare eubacteria

More from Merriam-Webster on bacteria

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