penitentiary

1 of 2

noun

pen·​i·​ten·​tia·​ry ˌpe-nə-ˈten(t)-sh(ə-)rē 

plural penitentiaries

1

a

: an officer in some Roman Catholic dioceses vested with power from the bishop to deal with cases of a nature normally handled only by the bishop

b

capitalized : a cardinal presiding over a tribunal of the Roman curia (see curia sense 3) concerned with dispensations (see dispensation sense 2) and indulgences

2

: a public institution in which offenders against the law are confined for detention or punishment

specifically : a state or federal prison in the U.S.

a federal penitentiary in Virginia

penitentiary

2 of 2

adjective

pen·​i·​ten·​tia·​ry ˌpe-nə-ˈten(t)-sh(ə-)rē 

 sense 1 also  -ˈten(t)-shē-ˌer-ē

1

: penitential

2

: of, relating to, or incurring confinement in a penitentiary

Synonyms

Noun

• bastille
• big house [slang]
• bridewell
• brig
• calaboose
• can
• clink [slang]
• cooler
• coop
• guardroom
• hock
• hold
• hoosegow
• jail
• jailhouse
• joint [slang]
• jug
• lockup
• nick [British slang]
• pen
• pokey [slang]
• prison
• quod [British slang]
• slam
• slammer
• stir [slang]
• stockade
• tolbooth [Scottish]

Examples of penitentiary in a Sentence

Noun

a sentence in the state penitentiary for robbery

Recent Examples on the Web

Noun

The pair were greeted by a mob of reporters, photographers, guards armed with rifles and spectators just outside the penitentiary’s gates. —Marianne Mather, Chicago Tribune, 16 May 2024

In 2019, the CIC visited several federal penitentiaries and found in numerous instances that frequent lockdowns were a primary concern. —Gabrielle Caplan, WIRED, 6 May 2024

Word History

Etymology

Noun and Adjective

Middle English penitenciary, from Medieval Latin poenitentiarius, from poenitentia

First Known Use

Noun

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Adjective

1577, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Kids Definition

penitentiary

noun

pen·​i·​ten·​tia·​ry

ˌpen-ə-ˈtench-(ə-)rē

plural penitentiaries

: a usually state or federal prison in which criminals are kept

Legal Definition

penitentiary

noun

pen·​i·​ten·​tia·​ry ˌpe-nə-ˈten-chə-rē 

plural penitentiaries

: a state or federal prison for the punishment and reformation of convicted felons compare house of correction, house of detention, jail, lockup