fundamental

1 of 2

adjective

fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈmen-tᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
1
a
: serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : basic
Responsibility is fundamental to democracy.
The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights.
b
: serving as an original or generating source : primary
a discovery fundamental to modern computers
2
a
: of or relating to essential structure, function, or facts : radical
fundamental change
also : of or dealing with general principles rather than practical application
fundamental science
b
: adhering to fundamentalism
a preacher who is evangelical, Bible-teaching, and fundamental
3
: of central importance : principal
fundamental purpose
such fundamental events as birth, marriage, and death
4
: belonging to one's innate or ingrained characteristics : deep-rooted
her fundamental good humor
5
: of, relating to, or produced by the lowest component of a complex vibration (see vibration sense 1)

fundamental

2 of 2

noun

1
: something fundamental
especially : one of the minimum constituents without which a thing or a system would not be what it is
2
a
: the principal musical tone produced by vibration (as of a string or column of air) on which a series of higher harmonics is based
b
: the root of a chord
3
: the harmonic component of a complex wave that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude
Choose the Right Synonym for fundamental

essential, fundamental, vital, cardinal mean so important as to be indispensable.

essential implies belonging to the very nature of a thing and therefore being incapable of removal without destroying the thing itself or its character.

conflict is essential in drama

fundamental applies to something that is a foundation without which an entire system or complex whole would collapse.

fundamental principles of algebra

vital suggests something that is necessary to a thing's continued existence or operation.

cut off from vital supplies

cardinal suggests something on which an outcome turns or depends.

a cardinal rule in buying a home

Examples of fundamental in a Sentence

Adjective The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights. There's a fundamental difference between these two political parties. These ideas are of fundamental importance. The revolution brought about a fundamental change in the country. We need to make some fundamental changes in the way we do business. We need to address these problems on a more fundamental level. Noun all students at the school of music must take a course in the fundamentals of their chosen art
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
Those kinds of fundamental words are best reserved for human mental endeavors. Lance Eliot, Forbes, 20 Oct. 2024 The king presented the lawmakers with an hour glass to time their speeches, and highlighted the fundamental role of strong parliaments to democracy. Reuters, CNN, 19 Oct. 2024
Noun
The oil market has shifted focus back to supply and demand fundamentals, with consumption in China softening as supplies are expected to rise. Spencer Kimball, CNBC, 21 Oct. 2024 Creating an upward spiral of performance—for anyone on the performance spectrum—is simply about practicing the back-to-basics fundamentals of management. Bruce Tulgan, Forbes, 18 Oct. 2024 See all Example Sentences for fundamental 

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'fundamental.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin fundāmentālis "serving as a foundation," from Latin fundāmentum "foundation, basis" + -ālis -al entry 1 — more at fundament

Noun

derivative of fundamental entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1b

Noun

1617, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of fundamental was in the 15th century

Dictionary Entries Near fundamental

Cite this Entry

“Fundamental.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fundamental. Accessed 31 Oct. 2024.

Kids Definition

fundamental

1 of 2 adjective
fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈment-ᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
1
: being or forming a foundation : basic, essential
a discovery fundamental to modern science
our fundamental rights
2
: of or relating to essential structure or function : radical
fundamental change
3
: of, relating to, or produced by the lowest part of a complex vibration
4
: of central importance : principal
fundamental purpose
fundamentally adverb

fundamental

2 of 2 noun
1
: something fundamental : a basic part
fundamentals of arithmetic
2
: the part of a complex wave that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude
Etymology

Adjective

Middle English fundamental "serving as a base or source of support," from Latin fundamentalis "of a foundation," from fundamentum "foundation," derived from fundus "bottom, base" — related to found entry 2, fund

Medical Definition

fundamental

noun
fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈment-ᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
: the principal musical tone produced by vibration (as of a string or column of air) on which a series of higher overtones is based

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