The colors of the flag, blue and white, were first used in the national cockade in 1797. The coat of arms in its present form was adopted on April 6, 1862, when the crown was added as a symbol of national sovereignty. Also in the coat of arms are three towers (Guaita, Cesta, and Montale) from the fortifications on Mount Titano.

San Marino Official name: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino (Most Serene Republic of San Marino). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (Great and General Council [60]). Head of state and government: Captains-Regent (2). Population (1998): 26,100. Population projection: (2000) 27,000; (2010) 31,600. Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1992-96): 3.4 (world avg. 15.7). Gross national product (at current market prices; 1994): U.S.$408,000,000 (U.S.$16,900 per capita). Land use (1985): agricultural and under permanent cultivation 74%; meadows and pastures 22%; forested, built-on, wasteland, and other 4%.

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