On Jan. 28, 1961, the republic was proclaimed under a tricolor of red, yellow, and green-the Pan African colors. In Rwanda these symbolize the blood shed for liberation, peace and tranquility, and hope and optimism. In 1961 a black "R" was added to distinguish the flag from that of Guinea and to stand for Rwanda, revolution, and referendum.

Rwanda Official name: Repubulika y'u Rwanda (Rwanda); République Rwandaise (French); Republic of Rwanda (English). Form of government: transitional regime with one legislative body (Transitional National Assembly [70]). Head of state and government: President in conjunction with Prime Minister and Vice President (Minister of Defense). Population (1998): 7,956,000. Population projection: (2000) 8,337,000; (2010) 9,881,000. Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 21.1 (world avg. 15.7). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$1,268,000,000 (U.S.$190 per capita). Land use (1994): forested 10.1%; meadows and pastures 28.4%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 47.4%; other 14.1%.

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