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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Flag of Pennsylvania
In 1777 a seal was created bearing the coat of arms now found on the state flag. The Pennsylvania legislature authorized the use of the coat of arms on a flag for the state militia on April 9, 1799, and variations on this flag design were used throughout the 19th century. Finally, on June 13, 1907, a state flag for nonmilitary purposes was approved by the legislature, and it is still in use.

Agriculture and commerce are represented in the coat of arms by the ship and the wheat sheaves (apparently copied from the county seal of either Sussex or Philadelphia), the plow (which appeared in the earlier coat of arms of Chester county), the wreath of corn and olive, and the horses in harness. The state motto, "Virtue, liberty and independence," is inscribed on the ribbon below the arms. The standard of the Pennsylvania governor employs the same design on a background of white rather than blue.
Pennsylvania

Location of Pennsylvania

Official name: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

State nickname: the Keystone State.

Total area: 46,058 sq mi, 119,291 sq km.

Population (2000): 12,281,054.

Population by race, origin (1997): white non-Hispanic 86.5%; white Hispanic 2.1%; black (including Hispanic) 9.7%; American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut 0.1%; Asian/Pacific Islander 1.6%.

Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 2.0 (U.S. avg. 6.0).

Gross domestic (state) product (1996): U.S.$328,500,000,000 (U.S.$27,280 per capita).

Land use (1992): federal land 2.4%; non-federal land 97.6%, of which forest 53.7%, cropland 19.6%, pasture 8.2%, rangeland 0.0%, urban and built-up areas 12.0%, other 4.0%.

Exports by state (1997): U.S.$16,069,000,000; percent of national total 2.61%.
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