In the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, which occurred during the Mexican-American War, a group of American settlers in what was then the Mexican-ruled territory of California proclaimed independence and hoisted the original Bear Flag (June 14, 1846). The following month American naval forces seized control of the area, and the flag of the short-lived California Republic was replaced by the Stars and Stripes. Memory of the Bear Flag was preserved, although original examples were lost or destroyed, and in 1911 the California legislature recognized it as the official state flag. The California grizzly bear, shown as the central emblem on the flag, is now extinct. The California flag, like those of Hawaii and Texas, is unusual in that it features a design used by a formerly independent country.

California Official name: State of California. State nickname: the Golden State. Total area: 158,869 sq mi, 411,470 sq km. Population (2000): 33,871,648. Population by race, origin (1997): white non-Hispanic 51.1%; white Hispanic 28.8%; black (including Hispanic) 7.4%; American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut 1.0%; Asian/Pacific Islander 11.7%. Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 10.4 (U.S. avg. 6.0). Gross domestic (state) product (1996): U.S.$962,700,000,000 (U.S.$30,220 per capita). Land use (1992): federal land 46.9%; non-federal land 53.1%, of which forest 14.8%, cropland 10.1%, pasture 1.2%, rangeland 17.2%, urban and built-up areas 5.0%, other 4.8%. Exports by state (1997): U.S.$99,161,000,000; percent of national total 16.10%.

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