The Rhode Island legislature adopted an anchor for its colonial seal in 1647, and in 1664 it added the motto "Hope." Those symbols were used on military flags by the time of the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), and Rhode Island ships may have used a simplified anchor flag by the early 19th century. Rhode Island's first nonmilitary state flag was adopted on March 30, 1877. Its white background corresponded to the facings on state militia uniforms worn during the Revolution. The flag's anchor and motto were represented in Rococo style and encircled by blue stars corresponding to the number of states in the Union. On February 1, 1882, that flag was replaced by a simpler design--a blue field with a yellow anchor surrounded by a ring of 13 yellow stars, corresponding to the rank of the state among those ratifying the U.S. Constitution. On May 19, 1897, the current flag was substituted. Its juxtaposition of colors is contrary to heraldic custom because yellow on white is very difficult to distinguish, particularly when the flag is flying or seen under unfavorable lighting conditions.

Rhode Island Official name: State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. State nickname: the Ocean State. Total area: 1,231 sq mi, 3,189 sq km. Population (2000): 1,048,319. Population by race, origin (1997): white non-Hispanic 87.5%; white Hispanic 5.0%; black (including Hispanic) 4.8%; American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut 0.5%; Asian/Pacific Islander 2.2%. Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 3.1 (U.S. avg. 6.0). Gross domestic (state) product (1996): U.S.$25,600,000,000 (U.S.$25,910 per capita). Land use (1992): federal land 0.6%; non-federal land 99.4%, of which forest 59.1%, cropland 3.8%, pasture 3.6%, rangeland 0.0%, urban and built-up areas 28.5%, other 4.4%. Exports by state (1997): U.S.$1,088,000,000; percent of national total 0.18%.

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